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Nitrogen absorption control of molten steel in 120 t LF refining process Steelmaking    2023, 39 (3): 44-51.   Abstract （65）      PDF（pc） （8202KB）（83）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on desulfurization and silicon content control technology of LF refining for low silicon steel Steelmaking    2023, 39 (3): 1-15.   Abstract （113）      PDF（pc） （16499KB）（82）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Ca content control on Ds inclusions in molten steel Steelmaking    2023, 39 (3): 79-85.   Abstract （83）      PDF（pc） （6351KB）（72）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on several key technologies of converter steelmaking  Steelmaking    2024, 40 (1): 1-8 .   Abstract （70）      PDF（pc） （1984KB）（66）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism analysis and industrial practice of manganese sulfide inclusion control in steel Steelmaking    2023, 39 (4): 1-12.   Abstract （67）      PDF（pc） （9560KB）（64）       Knowledge map    Save The control of MnS inclusions in steel is a system engineering which involves multiple processes including smelting, solidification, heating and rolling, and requires multi-variable cooperative control. In this paper, the research status of MnS inclusions at home and abroad was discussed in detail, and the influence mechanism of different elements, heat treatment and rolling process on MnS inclusions were expounded. In addition, the current process control measures of MnS inclusions were summarized. The morphology, size and quantity of MnS inclusions can be effectively controlled by adopting appropriate deoxygenation process, improving the oxygen content at the solidification front, reducing the basicity of refining slag, adopting appropriate Ca treatment process, adopting low basicity tundish covering agent, increasing the secondary cooling water volume, strengthening cooling and reducing electromagnetic stirring intensity. In recent years, some new ideas have been proposed to control the deformation treatment and diffusion distribution of MnS inclusions. The morphology, size and quantity of MnS inclusions in steel can be effectively controlled by adding Mg, Ca-Mg, Zr, Ce and Te elements into molten steel. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of sulfur content on oxidation behavior of CaS in KR desulfurization slag Steelmaking    2023, 39 (3): 86-90.   Abstract （56）      PDF（pc） （5357KB）（63）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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The prediction model of endpoint phosphorus partition ratio in 100 t top and bottomblowing converter smelting IF steel Steelmaking    2023, 39 (3): 30-34.   Abstract （86）      PDF（pc） （4272KB）（63）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of sulfur content on oxidation behavior of CaS in KR desulfurization slag Steelmaking    2023, 39 (3): 16-24.   Abstract （97）      PDF（pc） （28038KB）（58）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Evolution and control of inclusions in BOFCCM of high manganese and high strength IF steel Steelmaking    2023, 39 (3): 73-78.   Abstract （72）      PDF（pc） （6178KB）（53）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Water modeling on the transport phenomenon during bottom gas injection of a 210 t ladle Steelmaking    2023, 39 (3): 35-43.   Abstract （66）      PDF（pc） （14111KB）（52）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of bottom blowing tuyeres arrangement on mixing of molten steel in a 120 t combined blowing converter Steelmaking    2023, 39 (3): 25-29.   Abstract （82）      PDF（pc） （3904KB）（51）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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State of the art in the control of inclusions by slag in steelmaking process of ultra-low carbon IF steel Steelmaking    2024, 40 (2): 1-22.   Abstract （36）      PDF（pc） （19824KB）（51）       Knowledge map    Save Ultra-low carbon IF steel sheet is mainly used in ultra-deep drawing parts such as automotive exposed panel, etc., which is faced with main surface quality problems caused by the steelmaking defects of inclusions, mold flux entrapment and bubbles. Therefore, the slag properties used in the whole steelmaking process play an important role in controlling inclusions in steel. In the present paper, the effects of slag on inclusion control were summarized from two aspects of the slag physicochemical properties and the slag characteristics in different steelmaking stages. It was found that the adsorption and dissolution of inclusions by slag was related to the physicochemical properties of slag and the sizes of inclusions. The main control objectives of RH refining slag were low oxidation and appropriate w(CaO)/w(Al2O3). The TFe mass fraction was generally controlled in 2.0 %–8.0 %, and the w(CaO)/w(Al2O3) was controlled in 1.2–1.8. In addition, the basicity of refining slag was generally controlled in 4–10. The tundish flux and mold flux should first prevent the carbon increase in the molten steel, and secondly prevent the secondary oxidation of the molten steel caused by SiO2 in the slag. At the same time, they should also be capable of adsorbing inclusions. The high basicity tundish flux for ultra-low carbon IF steel generally had the basicity of 2.9–11.5, the w(CaO)/w(Al2O3) was controlled in 1.0–2.5, and the (FeO +MnO) mass fraction was controlled in 1.9 %–4.0%. The basicity of the mold flux for ultralow carbon IF steel was generally controlled in 0.85–1.0, the w(CaO)/w(Al2O3)  was controlled in 5.0–8.5, and the (FeO+MnO) mass fraction was less than 1 %. Related Articles | Metrics

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Smelting process research and application of CO2 top blowing in 120 t converter#br# Steelmaking    2023, 39 (5): 11-16.   Abstract （49）      PDF（pc） （6190KB）（46）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the jet movement characteristics of post combustion oxygen lance based on converter COMI technology Steelmaking    2023, 39 (5): 1-10.   Abstract （57）      PDF（pc） （11139KB）（44）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of slag washing process on cleanliness and properties of low carbon titanium microalloy steel Steelmaking    2023, 39 (6): 47-52.   Abstract （34）      PDF（pc） （4897KB）（40）       Knowledge map    Save Due to the high inclusion content and low elongation after cold rolling,the DL350 low carbon titanium microalloy cold-rolled structural steel produced by a certain plant cannot meet the customer′s requirements.In order to reduce the production cost and improve the elongation after fracture of cold rolled products,a reasonable slag washing process was developed, and the influence of slag washing process on the cleanliness and performance of steel was analyzed.The results show that the inclusions in steel are mainly MnS, TiN, MnS-TiN and a small amount of Al2O3 inclusions, and the content of oxygen and nitrogen in molten steel decreased significantly with slag washing.After slag washing, the average content of micro-inclusions in the billet decreased from 21.3 to 15.7 per mm2.At the same time, the grade of Class A inclusion was reduced from 2.0-2.5 to 1.0-1.5, and Class B inclusion was reduced from 1.5-2.0 to 0.5-1.0, indicating that the slag washing process significantly improved the cleanliness of the billet. Through the performance test of hot-rolled and cold-rolled products, it can be found that the elongation after hot-rolled fracture of slag-washing process samples has been increased from 26 %-28 % to 29 %-31 %, and the elongation after cold-rolled fracture has been increased from 15 %-16 % to 18 %-20 %, the overall strength changes little, which meets the customer′s requirements. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the influence of CO2 injection process of 150 t quantum electric arc furnace Steelmaking    2023, 39 (6): 1-7.   Abstract （43）      PDF（pc） （5733KB）（40）       Knowledge map    Save In order to reduce the nitrogen content of the whole scrap quantum electric arc furnace, optimize the smelting performance of the EAF and reduce the carbon emission of the EAF, the CO2 injection process was used to replace the original injection process to achieve the above goals. A large number of CO2 injection process tests were carried out on a 150 t quantum EAF, and the trends of nitrogen content, smelting power consumption, smelting cycle, carbon emission and other performance indexes of the electric arc furnace before and after the improvement process were compared. The test results show that after the CO2 injection process, the nitrogen mass fraction of the electric arc furnace is reduced by 30.6×10-6, the smelting power consumption is reduced by 5.6 kWh/t, the smelting cycle is shortened by 3.2 min, the average carbon and oxygen equilibrium is reduced by 4.4×10-4, the mass fraction of FeO in slag  is reduced by 4.5 %, and the carbon emission is reduced by 8.4 %. By combining the CO2 carrier gas injection carbon powder process with the Ar+CO2 dynamic mixed bottom blowing process, it can effectively reduce the nitrogen content of molten steel, smelting power consumption, carbon emissions and other performance indicators, and optimize the quantum electric arc furnace injection process. Related Articles | Metrics

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Gas recovery industrial practice on pulverized coal injected into high temperature flue gas of 150 t converter Steelmaking    2023, 39 (5): 90-96.   Abstract （23）      PDF（pc） （6209KB）（40）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Formation and evolution mechanism of large-size Al2O3-SiO2-MnO inclusions in 37Mn5 steel refining process Steelmaking    2023, 39 (6): 53-58.   Abstract （35）      PDF（pc） （5794KB）（39）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the formation and evolution mechanism of large-size Al2O3-SiO2-MnO inclusions with the size of more than 10 〖WTBZ〗μ〖WTB4〗m in 37Mn5 steel refining process, the molten steel was systematically sampled during the whole refining process of EAF-LF-VD-calcium treatment-continuous casting for production of 37Mn5 steel. The composition of molte steel was detected, and the morphology and composition characteristics of large-size Al2O3-SiO2-MnO inclusions in different smelting stages were analyzed. Based on actual production process and thermodynamic calculation, the evolution law of this kind of inclusion was revealed. The results show that, due to the low Al content and high O content in local molten steel during EAF tapping process, large-size Al2O3-SiO2-MnO inclusions are formed. At the beginning of LF refining, the local Ca content increases to form Al2O3-SiO2-MnO-CaO inclusions. After the middle stage of LF refining, the Ti content increases to modify the two kinds of inclusions formed at the early stage to form inclusions containing TiOx. With the progress of smelting, the distribution of Ti is gradually uniform in the inclusions. Insufficient calcium treatment after VD results in unsatisfactory modification of inclusions, and has little effect on the large-size inclusions. Reasonable deoxidation, alloying and slagging process can reduce the formation of Al2O3-SiO2-MnO-CaO inclusions, so as to reduce the number of inclusions and improve the quality of steel. Related Articles | Metrics

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Simulation study on improving the removal rate of stuffing sand under unsteady pouring Steelmaking    2023, 39 (4): 55-61.   Abstract （44）      PDF（pc） （4461KB）（36）       Knowledge map    Save In view of the instability of round billet quality during continuous casting of a fivemachine fivestrand caster, especially the problem that the oxidizing stuffing sand continuously pollutes the molten steel and affects the cleanliness of molten steel during the ladle change process, the influence of the stuffing sand on the quality of molten steel was studied with the five-strand tundish as the research object through thermodynamic calculation and water simulation experiments, and the optimization scheme to improve the flow behavior of the stuffing sand was proposed. The results show that the stuffing sand during the open casting process increases the oxygen content of molten steel and reduces the cleanliness of molten steel. During the unsteady casting process, slag entrapment occurs when the stuffing sand enters into the molten steel. The removal rate of the stuffing sand is related to the insertion depth of the ladle shroud, the flow rate of the ladle and the liquid level of the tundish. When the flow rate of the ladle is 3 m3/h, the immersion depth of the ladle shroud is 160 mm, and the liquid level of the tundish is 400 mm, the removal rate of the stuffing sand is 94 % at the highest.The optimized flow control device improves the flow behavior of the stuffing sand, and its removal rate reaches 99.5 % at the maximum. In addition, during steady casting process,the divergence of the response time and the average residence time of each flow is small, and the consistency of each flow is improved, which is conducive to uniform composition and temperature of molten steel. Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction models of phosphorus and manganese at the end point of converter blowing based on ensemble learning Steelmaking    2023, 39 (6): 15-22.   Abstract （64）      PDF（pc） （5551KB）（36）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the actual production data of steelmaking in a 260 t converter, the integrated learning algorithms of RF (Random Forests), LGBM (Light Gradient Boosting Machine) and Stacking integration were used to establish phosphorus and manganese prediction models for blowing endpoint in the converter. The model input variables were determined through the correlation theory analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient method. It was found by comparing the end-point hit rates of the three integrated learning models that the prediction performance of the Stacking integrated model is the best. With error tolerances of the phosphorus mass fraction at the endpoint of blowing being ±0.001 % and ±0.001 5 %, the hit rates are 86.3 % and 97.1 %, respectively. With error tolerances of the end point manganese mass fraction being ±0.008 %, and ±0.01 %, the hit rates are 83.4 % and 94.4 %, respectively. Related Articles | Metrics