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    Progress on desulfurization and silicon content control technology of LF refining for low silicon steel
    Steelmaking    2023, 39 (3): 1-15.  
    Abstract100)      PDF(pc) (16499KB)(82)       Save
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    Effect of sulfur content on oxidation behavior of CaS in KR desulfurization slag
    Steelmaking    2023, 39 (3): 16-24.  
    Abstract89)      PDF(pc) (28038KB)(54)       Save
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    Influence of Ca content control on Ds inclusions in molten steel
    Steelmaking    2023, 39 (3): 79-85.  
    Abstract77)      PDF(pc) (6351KB)(68)       Save
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    Slab shell deformation behavior in ultrahigh speed thin slab continuous casting mold
    Steelmaking    2023, 39 (3): 58-65.  
    Abstract72)      PDF(pc) (8067KB)(26)       Save
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    Evolution and control of inclusions in BOFCCM of high manganese and high strength IF steel
    Steelmaking    2023, 39 (3): 73-78.  
    Abstract68)      PDF(pc) (6178KB)(49)       Save
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    Mechanism analysis and industrial practice of manganese sulfide inclusion control in steel
    Steelmaking    2023, 39 (4): 1-12.  
    Abstract64)      PDF(pc) (9560KB)(62)       Save
    The control of MnS inclusions in steel is a system engineering which involves multiple processes including smelting, solidification, heating and rolling, and requires multi-variable cooperative control. In this paper, the research status of MnS inclusions at home and abroad was discussed in detail, and the influence mechanism of different elements, heat treatment and rolling process on MnS inclusions were expounded. In addition, the current process control measures of MnS inclusions were summarized. The morphology, size and quantity of MnS inclusions can be effectively controlled by adopting appropriate deoxygenation process, improving the oxygen content at the solidification front, reducing the basicity of refining slag, adopting appropriate Ca treatment process, adopting low basicity tundish covering agent, increasing the secondary cooling water volume, strengthening cooling and reducing electromagnetic stirring intensity. In recent years, some new ideas have been proposed to control the deformation treatment and diffusion distribution of MnS inclusions. The morphology, size and quantity of MnS inclusions in steel can be effectively controlled by adding Mg, Ca-Mg, Zr, Ce and Te elements into molten steel.
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    Water modeling on the transport phenomenon during bottom gas injection of a 210 t ladle
    Steelmaking    2023, 39 (3): 35-43.  
    Abstract60)      PDF(pc) (14111KB)(48)       Save
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    Nitrogen absorption control of molten steel in 120 t LF refining process
    Steelmaking    2023, 39 (3): 44-51.  
    Abstract58)      PDF(pc) (8202KB)(79)       Save
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    Prediction models of phosphorus and manganese at the end point of converter blowing based on ensemble learning
    Steelmaking    2023, 39 (6): 15-22.  
    Abstract58)      PDF(pc) (5551KB)(33)       Save
    Based on the actual production data of steelmaking in a 260 t converter, the integrated learning algorithms of RF (Random Forests), LGBM (Light Gradient Boosting Machine) and Stacking integration were used to establish phosphorus and manganese prediction models for blowing endpoint in the converter. The model input variables were determined through the correlation theory analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient method. It was found by comparing the end-point hit rates of the three integrated learning models that the prediction performance of the Stacking integrated model is the best. With error tolerances of the phosphorus mass fraction at the endpoint of blowing being ±0.001 % and ±0.001 5 %, the hit rates are 86.3 % and 97.1 %, respectively. With error tolerances of the end point manganese mass fraction being ±0.008 %, and ±0.01 %, the hit rates are 83.4 % and 94.4 %, respectively.
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    Study on the jet movement characteristics of post combustion oxygen lance based on converter COMI technology
    Steelmaking    2023, 39 (5): 1-10.  
    Abstract54)      PDF(pc) (11139KB)(44)       Save
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    Numerical simulation of inclusion removal in tundish with gas curtain
    Steelmaking    2023, 39 (3): 52-57.  
    Abstract53)      PDF(pc) (7450KB)(31)       Save
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    Research progress on several key technologies of converter steelmaking 
    Steelmaking    2024, 40 (1): 1-8 .  
    Abstract53)      PDF(pc) (1984KB)(46)       Save
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    Effect of sulfur content on oxidation behavior of CaS in KR desulfurization slag
    Steelmaking    2023, 39 (3): 86-90.  
    Abstract52)      PDF(pc) (5357KB)(55)       Save
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    Endpoint prediction of duplex process converter based on machine learning algorithm
    Steelmaking    2023, 39 (4): 28-36.  
    Abstract51)      PDF(pc) (5876KB)(19)       Save
    The establishment of accurate BOF endpoint prediction model is particularly important for the improvement of production efficiency and liquid steel cleanliness. This paper took the converter of Shougang Jingtang duplex process in converter process as the research object, Pearson correlation analysis was conducted on historical production data, and 15 independent variables most relevant to the endpoint temperature and carbon content of the converter were obtained. Three machine learning algorithms of BP neural network, limit learning machine (ELM) and support vector machine (SVM) were used to build the prediction model of converter endpoint. Then 160 sets of new sample data were selected to verify the prediction accuracy of the three models. The results show that the accuracy of the prediction model of the end-point temperature and carbon content of the converter under the SVM model is higher. The hit rate of the prediction error of the endpoint temperature within ±15 ℃ is 90.6 %, and the hit rate of the prediction error of the endpoint carbon mass fraction within ±0.01 % is 93.8 %. In addition, the prediction model of converter end point based on support vector machine algorithm shows that the hit rate of endpoint temperature within ±15 ℃ and carbon mass fraction within ±0.01 % of duplex process in converter process is 9.1 % and 14.4 % higher than that of the conventional process.
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    Smelting process research and application of CO2 top blowing in 120 t converter#br#
    Steelmaking    2023, 39 (5): 11-16.  
    Abstract48)      PDF(pc) (6190KB)(46)       Save
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    Study on the effect of converter charge ratio on manganese distribution ratio between slag and molten steel
    Steelmaking    2023, 39 (6): 30-36.  
    Abstract47)      PDF(pc) (7535KB)(15)       Save
    The direct alloying process of manganese ore was carried out by the process of double slag dephosphorization and less slag smelting. The samples of end-point slag and molten steel were selected for chemical composition and mineral phase detection, and the influence of the optimum ratio of different manganese ores and slag-making materials on the manganese distribution ratio between slag and steel was analyzed. The results show that the manganese yield is 15.87 %-79.3 %, with an average of 45.05 %. The manganese distribution ratio between slag and steel is 21.97-37.96, with an average of 31.17. The dephosphorization rate is 86 %-92 %, with an average of 88 %. The manganese distribution between slag and steel obtained by the charge ratio of group 9, group 4 and group 13 is relatively low, between 22-25. The main factors affecting the distribution ratio of manganese between slag and steel are molten steel temperature, end point carbon content, slag basicity and iron oxide. The quantitative relationship between these factors and the distribution ratio of manganese between slag and steel was obtained.The charge ratio of the low manganese distribution ratio is that the 
    proportion of lime is 25 %-30 %, the proportion of sinter is 30 %-40 %, the proportion of manganese ore is 15 %-20 %, and the proportion of light burnt dolomite is 20 %-30 %. 
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    Effect of CaF2 and Al2O3 on performance of KR desulfurizer
    Steelmaking    2023, 39 (4): 13-20.  
    Abstract45)      PDF(pc) (12361KB)(30)       Save
    In order to reduce the content of harmful sulfur elements in steel, KR desulfurization method is widely used in steel enterprises to produce low sulfur steel, and the influence of desulfurizer on the desulfurization efficiency is especially critical. In this paper, the effect of components on liquidus temperature, sulfur capacity, desulfurizer consumption, melting point, viscosity and desulfurization rate of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-CaF2-MgO slag system were analyzed, based on simplex lattice method, FactSage 8.1 thermodynamic software, hemispherical melting point meter, rotating viscometer and slag-metal experiment. It was concluded that, the liquidus temperature of desulfurizer increased with CaO addition, and decreased with CaF2 addition, while the sulfur capacity of desulfurizer increased with CaO and decreased with Al2O3 and CaF2 enhancement. Meanwhile, with CaF2 and Al2O3 addition, the desulfurizer consumption and melting point changed little in slag with low content of SiO2, while the consumption increased greatly and the melting point decreased obviously in slag with high content of SiO2. The desulfurization efficiency of desulfurizer with melting point of 1 400-1 424 ℃, w(SiO2) of 0-10 %, w(Al2O3) and w(CaF2) of 5 % -15 %, w(MgO) of 6 % was better than that of desulfurizer used in an enterprise, and the comprehensive desulfurization ability of CaF2was stronger than that of Al2O3. Combined with the high temperature viscosity, the desulfurization efficiency and the subsequent slagging-off process, No.2 desulfurizer was the best choice for KR desulfurization.
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