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Latest development of dephosphorization process in converter steelmaking 张润灏, 杨 健, 叶格凡, 孙 晗, 杨文魁 Steelmaking    2022, 38 (1): 1-13.   Abstract （239）            Knowledge map    Save The converter dephosphorization process takes the advantages of capacious furnace，which enables the rapid and efficient dephosphorization with low slag basicity in the early stage of converter steelmaking. The recycling of decarburization slag can also reduce the consumption of lime and other auxiliary materials and the amount of slag emission. Under the conditions of low basicity and low temperature，the low temperature is beneficial to dephosphorization in thermodynamics. But too low temperature will result in the high slag viscosity，which affect the kinetic conditions and make it difficult to pour the slag. The dephosphorization effect is better when the basicity is properly increased. With the increase of FeO content in slag，the dephosphorization ratio first increases and then decreases. The solid and liquid phase coexist in the dephosphorization slag，and the solid solution of Prich phase has good phosphorus enrichment ability. Owing to the complete separation of slag and hot metal after dephosphorization，the duplex process can effectively improve the dephosphorization ratio and is suitable for the production of ultralow phosphorus steel. However，because the process requires two converters，the utilization efficiency of converter is low and the heat loss of intermediate tapping is large. The double slag process only needs one converter，and the cleanliness of molten steel is high，which is an important development direction of converter dephosphorization. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and application of high efficiency and long life combined blowing technology for 300 t converter in Masteel Steelmaking    2022, 38 (3): 6-11.   Abstract （223）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Review on the control of the acicular ferrite in high strength low alloy steels Steelmaking    2022, 38 (2): 1-10.   Abstract （202）            Knowledge map    Save The formation of volumes of acicular ferrite in high strength low alloy steels is a principal mean to meet high strength and toughness. Several decisive factors affecting the volume fraction of acicular ferrite were reflected in different literatures, and the nucleation mechanism of acicular ferrite and inclusions characteristics conducive to nucleation were summarized by some review, but there was no systematic summary of the effect of variation on apiece factor. In this study, the influence of austenite grain size, cooling rate, inclusion composition, and inclusion size on the volume fraction of acicular ferrite has been summarized. It is concluded that austenite grain size of 100-200 μm, cooling rate of 5-10 ℃/s, inclusion size of 1-2 μm and composition of (Ti、Mg、Zr)Ox are beneficial to promote acicular ferrite nucleation.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on LF refining desulfurization process for SPHC steel Steelmaking    2022, 38 (3): 31-36.   Abstract （201）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and application of 120 t converter oxygen lance nozzle Steelmaking    2022, 38 (1): 14-19.   Abstract （199）            Knowledge map    Save Aiming at the characteristics of the 120 t converter and smelting process of a certain plant of Ma’anshan Iron and Steel Co．，Ltd.，the parameters of the original fourhole nozzle of the oxygen lance were optimized．The number of nozzle holes，nozzle angle，operating pressure，throat diameter，outlet diameter and expansion length had all been adjusted appropriately．Mach number of the optimized oxygen lance nozzle had been increased from 1.98% to 2.05%．Combined with the production practice of the plant，it shows that the optimized 5hole nozzle of oxygen lance can increase the oxygen supply intensity of converter，optimize the dynamic reaction conditions in converter，shorten the oxygen blowing time by 128 s，increase the dephosphorization rate by 4.65 %，decrease w(TFe) of final slag from 18.59 % to 15.84 %，and decrease molten hot metal consumption by 22 kg/t，which is not only conducive to improving the scrap steel ratio of converter，but also to improving the metal yield． Related Articles | Metrics

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Molten steel flow and inclusions behavior during RH vacuum treatment based on ladle bottom argon blowing Steelmaking    2022, 38 (3): 26-31.   Abstract （196）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction of Mn alloying yield in converter tapping process based on GA-BP neural network Steelmaking    2022, 38 (4): 14-20.   Abstract （193）      PDF（pc） （1005KB）（34）       Knowledge map    Save Deoxidization alloying is the last step of converter smelting process. The accuracy of alloy content control in molten steel directly affects the smelting difficulty and smelting cycle of refining process. The yield of alloy is an important reference standard for converter alloying workers. The accuracy of determining the yield of alloying elements directly affects the stability of molten steel composition and production cost. Through theoretical analysis and actual data verification，9 observable indicators that affecting manganese yield were selected. The data was then reduced by means of the factor analysis，and the 6 public factor matrices were obtained as the input of the model，the manganese yield was the output of the model，and the manganese  yield prediction model based on GA-BP neural network was established. The results show that the regression coefficient of the model R2 = 0.714 78，the average error is 0.01. The number of more than 98 % of the predicted accuracy accounts for 75 % of the total，and the accuracy of the prediction is high，and the actual production has certain reference significance.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of basicity on physicochemical properties and phosphorus migration of refined slag Steelmaking    2022, 38 (3): 20-25.   Abstract （192）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on manganese oxidation in the process of converter steelmaking Steelmaking    2021, 37 (3): 1-9.   Abstract （192）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on characteristics，evolution and control of entrapped mold flux defects in high speed continuous casting Steelmaking    2021, 37 (4): 30-37.   Abstract （191）            Knowledge map    Save High speed continuous casting，continuous casting and rolling process with high efficiency，energy saving and low cost advantages have been rapidly popularized and applied，but encountered development bottleneck due to an increasing frequency of mold flux entrapment in high speed continuous casting and entrapped mold flux defects in rolled products. In this paper, the formation mechanism of mold flux entrapment and its main influence factors were analysed，and characteristics of slag entrapment defect in the slab，hot rolled products and cold rolled products，and their evolution law were briefly described. Finally the control measures of mold flux entrapment in high-speed continuous casting were reviewed. In view of the shortage of existing measures to adapt to the development of high-speed continuous casting，the key development directions are put forward，such as electromagnetic control of the flow field in mold，intelligent control of mold liquid level and development of high-performance mold flux，which can provide reference for promoting the highquality development of high efficiency continuous casting，continuous casting and rolling process. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evolution of the nonmetallic inclusions of bearing steel produced by 90 t EAF→LF→VD→CCM process Steelmaking    2022, 38 (3): 58-61.   Abstract （180）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Study and practice of BOF less-slag steelmaking technology with high-titanium hot metal Steelmaking    2022, 38 (4): 28-35.   Abstract （170）      PDF（pc） （1638KB）（32）       Knowledge map    Save The consumption quantity of slagging materials is one of key economic and technical indicators of BOF steelmaking and represents the technical level of steelmaking, but it is inconsistent with the requirements of dephosphorization and furnace-lining protection. In an iron and steel enterprise, the contents of titanium and phosphorus in hot metal are high due to titanium-bearing iron ore used for ironmaking in blast furnace, so the consumption quantity of slagging materials is high in order to meet requirements of dephosphorization and furnace-lining protection. Therefore, based on the characters of high-titanium hot metal and the characteristics of slagging in BOF, the rules about oxygen supply and slagging were improved, a method called as “magnesium fixing titanium” (TiO2 becomes inactive due to its combining with MgO) was taken as a technique to suppress the disadvantage influence of high TiO2 slag on dephosphorization and furnace-lining protection to enhance the advantage efficiency of slag. By the continuous improvement of the above processes, a BOF less-slag steelmaking technology with high-titanium hot metal was developed. The consumption quantity of slagging materials was reduced from 55.67 kg/t to 47.86 kg/t. Good economic benefit was achieved, and a foundation for the development of high efficient steelmaking technology was laid. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on improving calcium yield of pure calcium wire Steelmaking    2022, 38 (2): 32-35.   Abstract （167）            Knowledge map    Save The factors affecting the calcium yield of pure calcium wire were studied through theoretical analysis and production practice. The results show that,1) Reducing the diameter of feeding tube can reduce the deflection of and the pilling up of calcium wire；2) The effective absorption range of calcium is from 0.3 m above the bottom to 1.22 m below the liquid level; 3) The feeding speed of calcium wire is affected by the algam thickness of  calcium wire, and the  calcium wire with different algam thickness has an optimal feeding speed；4) When feeding wire at the downward flow position of argon bubble flow, the calcium yield is better than that at the upward flow position of argon circulation flow；5) The calcium yield of wire packing with seamless is better than that with slit algam tube；6) The composition of molten steel affects the vapor partial pressure of calcium, the effective absorption range of calcium is changed, and then the residence time of calcium in molten steel is different. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of nickel-containing pig iron in converter smelting of nickel-containing steel Steelmaking    2022, 38 (2): 20-24.   Abstract （153）            Knowledge map    Save Combined with the practice of a domestic steel plant, the thermodynamic analysis and kinetic research for the application of nickel-containing pig iron in the converter smelting of nickel-containing steels were carried out. Thermodynamic calculations show that, whether in standard state or actual condition of converter smelting, the nickel element dissolved into the molten iron or molten steel through the alloying of the nickel-containing pig iron cannot be oxidized to nickel oxide. The melting rate test of nickel-containing iron block in converter smelting of X80-1 steel showed that the melting rate of nickel-containing iron block with 25 mm thickness was 30 s faster than that of scrap steel. The composition test results of converter semi-steel showed that the nickel-containing iron block could be completely melted after being added into the converter in 5 min. At the same time, through the scanning electron microscopy and X-ray power diffraction of the final slag of the converter, no nickel oxide was found, and the yield rate of nickel in nickel-containing iron block was close to 100 %. Related Articles | Metrics

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Theoretical study and process optimization of RH refining for IF steel Steelmaking    2022, 38 (5): 59-66.   Abstract （141）      PDF（pc） （1312KB）（31）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on desulfurization reaction dynamics of hot metal by KR mechanical stirring Steelmaking    2022, 38 (2): 11-19.   Abstract （141）            Knowledge map    Save KR hot metal desulphurization (also known as mechanical stirring method) has the advantages of high desulfurization efficiency,stable desulfurization effect and low desulfurization cost due to its better reaction conditions. It is widely used in major domestic and foreign steel companies and has gradually become the preferred process for hot metal desulfurization pretreatment.  The research results in recent years on improving the dynamic conditions of the KR mechanically stirred hot metal desulfurization were summarized. By understanding the development of the desulfurization reaction at home and abroad，it provides references for the improvement or optimization of KR dynamic conditions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on temperature field of ladle and temperature drop of molten steel in smelting process Steelmaking    2022, 38 (1): 42-48.   Abstract （141）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on optimization of impeller diameter and rotation speed of hot metal stirring and injection desulfurization under certain power Steelmaking    2022, 38 (5): 16-22.   Abstract （139）      PDF（pc） （1731KB）（23）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Cause analysis and improvement measures of unqualified ultrasonic flaw detection for largesize storage tank steel 12MnNiVR#br# Steelmaking    2022, 38 (3): 69-72.   Abstract （137）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Water modeling of the influence of bottom inclination on the mixing phenomena in KR process Steelmaking    2022, 38 (3): 1-5.   Abstract （137）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics