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Research progress on several key technologies of converter steelmaking  Steelmaking    2024, 40 (1): 1-8 .   Abstract （196）      PDF（pc） （1984KB）（185）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on desulfurization and silicon content control technology of LF refining for low silicon steel Steelmaking    2023, 39 (3): 1-15.   Abstract （142）      PDF（pc） （16499KB）（98）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of sulfur content on oxidation behavior of CaS in KR desulfurization slag Steelmaking    2023, 39 (3): 16-24.   Abstract （140）      PDF（pc） （28038KB）（100）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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State of the art in the control of inclusions by slag in steelmaking process of ultra-low carbon IF steel Steelmaking    2024, 40 (2): 1-22.   Abstract （124）      PDF（pc） （19824KB）（131）       Knowledge map    Save Ultra-low carbon IF steel sheet is mainly used in ultra-deep drawing parts such as automotive exposed panel, etc., which is faced with main surface quality problems caused by the steelmaking defects of inclusions, mold flux entrapment and bubbles. Therefore, the slag properties used in the whole steelmaking process play an important role in controlling inclusions in steel. In the present paper, the effects of slag on inclusion control were summarized from two aspects of the slag physicochemical properties and the slag characteristics in different steelmaking stages. It was found that the adsorption and dissolution of inclusions by slag was related to the physicochemical properties of slag and the sizes of inclusions. The main control objectives of RH refining slag were low oxidation and appropriate w(CaO)/w(Al2O3). The TFe mass fraction was generally controlled in 2.0 %–8.0 %, and the w(CaO)/w(Al2O3) was controlled in 1.2–1.8. In addition, the basicity of refining slag was generally controlled in 4–10. The tundish flux and mold flux should first prevent the carbon increase in the molten steel, and secondly prevent the secondary oxidation of the molten steel caused by SiO2 in the slag. At the same time, they should also be capable of adsorbing inclusions. The high basicity tundish flux for ultra-low carbon IF steel generally had the basicity of 2.9–11.5, the w(CaO)/w(Al2O3) was controlled in 1.0–2.5, and the (FeO +MnO) mass fraction was controlled in 1.9 %–4.0%. The basicity of the mold flux for ultralow carbon IF steel was generally controlled in 0.85–1.0, the w(CaO)/w(Al2O3)  was controlled in 5.0–8.5, and the (FeO+MnO) mass fraction was less than 1 %. Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical simulation of inclusion removal in tundish with gas curtain Steelmaking    2023, 39 (3): 52-57.   Abstract （124）      PDF（pc） （7450KB）（38）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on high manganese iron molten steelmaking process of converter Steelmaking    2024, 40 (1): 14-18.   Abstract （122）      PDF（pc） （743KB）（89）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of bottom blowing tuyeres arrangement on mixing of molten steel in a 120 t combined blowing converter Steelmaking    2023, 39 (3): 25-29.   Abstract （119）      PDF（pc） （3904KB）（83）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Slab shell deformation behavior in ultrahigh speed thin slab continuous casting mold Steelmaking    2023, 39 (3): 58-65.   Abstract （118）      PDF（pc） （8067KB）（36）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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The prediction model of endpoint phosphorus partition ratio in 100 t top and bottomblowing converter smelting IF steel Steelmaking    2023, 39 (3): 30-34.   Abstract （116）      PDF（pc） （4272KB）（100）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Evolution and control of inclusions in BOFCCM of high manganese and high strength IF steel Steelmaking    2023, 39 (3): 73-78.   Abstract （115）      PDF（pc） （6178KB）（87）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Ca content control on Ds inclusions in molten steel Steelmaking    2023, 39 (3): 79-85.   Abstract （112）      PDF（pc） （6351KB）（104）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of influencing factors and countermeasures research for improving the precision of online roll gap control in segment Steelmaking    2023, 39 (3): 66-72.   Abstract （109）      PDF（pc） （7798KB）（33）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Nitrogen absorption control of molten steel in 120 t LF refining process Steelmaking    2023, 39 (3): 44-51.   Abstract （107）      PDF（pc） （8202KB）（121）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical simulation of the tundish controlled by induction heating and argon blowing Steelmaking    2023, 39 (6): 59-67.   Abstract （105）      PDF（pc） （70903KB）（37）       Knowledge map    Save The tundish controlled by induction heating and argon blowing is expected to achieve efficient inclusion removal and low superheat pouring. For the technology, a three-dimensional unsteady mathematical model was established based on the induction heating tundish of a steel mill. The distribution of the magnetic field was studied, and the effects of argon blowing and gas blowing rates on the flow field, temperature field and inclusion removal were compared and analyzed. The results show that the minimum value of eccentric electromagnetic force in the induction heating tundish deviates from the geometric center of the channel by 10 mm, and Joule heat increases slightly along the channel radially closer to the coil. Argon blowing makes the molten steel in the induction heating tundish form a circulating flow on both sides of the gas curtain, eliminating the small inactive circulating flow in the corner of the tundish. And the temperature distribution in the pouring zone is more uniform. Compared with the induction heating tundish without argon blowing, the removal ratio of inclusions after argon blowing increases by 0.4 times, which has better inclusion removal effect. When the gas blowing rate is between 10 and 40 L/min, there is a small circulating flow with low flow rate near the channel side. When the blowing rate is increased to 55 L/min, a stable gas curtain begins to form in the pouring zone, and a circulating flow is formed on both sides of it. In this study, the blowing rate of 55 L/min has the best flow control and inclusion removal effect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction models of phosphorus and manganese at the end point of converter blowing based on ensemble learning Steelmaking    2023, 39 (6): 15-22.   Abstract （102）      PDF（pc） （5551KB）（78）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the actual production data of steelmaking in a 260 t converter, the integrated learning algorithms of RF (Random Forests), LGBM (Light Gradient Boosting Machine) and Stacking integration were used to establish phosphorus and manganese prediction models for blowing endpoint in the converter. The model input variables were determined through the correlation theory analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient method. It was found by comparing the end-point hit rates of the three integrated learning models that the prediction performance of the Stacking integrated model is the best. With error tolerances of the phosphorus mass fraction at the endpoint of blowing being ±0.001 % and ±0.001 5 %, the hit rates are 86.3 % and 97.1 %, respectively. With error tolerances of the end point manganese mass fraction being ±0.008 %, and ±0.01 %, the hit rates are 83.4 % and 94.4 %, respectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction model of phosphorus content at the end of converter based on PSO-BP neural network Steelmaking    2023, 39 (5): 27-32.   Abstract （100）      PDF（pc） （5796KB）（55）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism analysis and industrial practice of manganese sulfide inclusion control in steel Steelmaking    2023, 39 (4): 1-12.   Abstract （100）      PDF（pc） （9560KB）（87）       Knowledge map    Save The control of MnS inclusions in steel is a system engineering which involves multiple processes including smelting, solidification, heating and rolling, and requires multi-variable cooperative control. In this paper, the research status of MnS inclusions at home and abroad was discussed in detail, and the influence mechanism of different elements, heat treatment and rolling process on MnS inclusions were expounded. In addition, the current process control measures of MnS inclusions were summarized. The morphology, size and quantity of MnS inclusions can be effectively controlled by adopting appropriate deoxygenation process, improving the oxygen content at the solidification front, reducing the basicity of refining slag, adopting appropriate Ca treatment process, adopting low basicity tundish covering agent, increasing the secondary cooling water volume, strengthening cooling and reducing electromagnetic stirring intensity. In recent years, some new ideas have been proposed to control the deformation treatment and diffusion distribution of MnS inclusions. The morphology, size and quantity of MnS inclusions in steel can be effectively controlled by adding Mg, Ca-Mg, Zr, Ce and Te elements into molten steel. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on VD refining technology Steelmaking    2024, 40 (4): 1-10.   Abstract （99）      PDF（pc） （12465KB）（105）       Knowledge map    Save Vacuum degassing (VD) refining, characterized by strong reactions between slag and steel within a vacuum atmosphere, serves functions such as degassing, desulfurization, and the control of non-metallic inclusions. This method is of great importance for producing high-quality clean steel. This work presented an overview of the development history and industrial applications of VD refining technology, described in detail the research and production of VD refining in degassing, desulfurization and inclusion control, and gave some suggestions for this process at the end. In VD refining, researches on vacuum degassing (including O, N, H) mainly focused on optimizing process parameters and enhancing equipment performance. It could control [H] in steel within (1-2)×10-6 and [N] within (40-60)×10-6, and denitrogen in VD had some advantages. Regarding desulfurization, VD refining benefitted from favorable thermodynamic and kinetic conditions, enabling control of [S] in steel at relatively low levels. In terms of inclusion control, VD process could decrease the quantity of inclusions effectively and modify inclusions through optimizing slag compositions and process parameters. The related research results had certain guiding significance for the research and industrial production of VD refining, offering favorable references for reducing impurity element content, controlling non-metallic inclusions, as well as improving steel cleanliness. Related Articles | Metrics

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Development and application of key technology in continuous casting of non quenched and tempered steel Steelmaking    2023, 39 (6): 68-73.   Abstract （98）      PDF（pc） （7292KB）（72）       Knowledge map    Save Through solidification simulation calculation and onsite test, the optimal soft reduction process parameters for continuous casting of non quenched and tempered steel were obtained. The No.1-5 reduction rollers perform a reduction of 3 mm-4 mm-5 mm-5 mm-3 mm, corresponding to continuous casting speed of 0.85 m/min,which improves the macro quality, while avoiding the emergence of pressing cracks. Based on the optimal process parameters of soft reduction and casting speed, the influence of electromagnetic stirring on segregation was studied. Combined with the actual equipment, the optimal electromagnetic stirring parameters were obtained through extreme value method experiments, the mould electromagnetic stirring current is 350 A, and the frequency is 2.0 Hz; the final electromagnetic stirring current is 200 A, and the frequency is 6 Hz. Finally, the carbon segregation index in the center of the billet can be controlled to be less than 1.10 by the multivariate coupling study of the process parameters of continuous casting. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the effect of converter charge ratio on manganese distribution ratio between slag and molten steel Steelmaking    2023, 39 (6): 30-36.   Abstract （98）      PDF（pc） （7535KB）（31）       Knowledge map    Save The direct alloying process of manganese ore was carried out by the process of double slag dephosphorization and less slag smelting. The samples of end-point slag and molten steel were selected for chemical composition and mineral phase detection, and the influence of the optimum ratio of different manganese ores and slag-making materials on the manganese distribution ratio between slag and steel was analyzed. The results show that the manganese yield is 15.87 %-79.3 %, with an average of 45.05 %. The manganese distribution ratio between slag and steel is 21.97-37.96, with an average of 31.17. The dephosphorization rate is 86 %-92 %, with an average of 88 %. The manganese distribution between slag and steel obtained by the charge ratio of group 9, group 4 and group 13 is relatively low, between 22-25. The main factors affecting the distribution ratio of manganese between slag and steel are molten steel temperature, end point carbon content, slag basicity and iron oxide. The quantitative relationship between these factors and the distribution ratio of manganese between slag and steel was obtained.The charge ratio of the low manganese distribution ratio is that the  proportion of lime is 25 %-30 %, the proportion of sinter is 30 %-40 %, the proportion of manganese ore is 15 %-20 %, and the proportion of light burnt dolomite is 20 %-30 %.  Related Articles | Metrics