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Research progress on VD refining technology Steelmaking    2024, 40 (4): 1-10.   Abstract （99）      PDF（pc） （12465KB）（105）       Knowledge map    Save Vacuum degassing (VD) refining, characterized by strong reactions between slag and steel within a vacuum atmosphere, serves functions such as degassing, desulfurization, and the control of non-metallic inclusions. This method is of great importance for producing high-quality clean steel. This work presented an overview of the development history and industrial applications of VD refining technology, described in detail the research and production of VD refining in degassing, desulfurization and inclusion control, and gave some suggestions for this process at the end. In VD refining, researches on vacuum degassing (including O, N, H) mainly focused on optimizing process parameters and enhancing equipment performance. It could control [H] in steel within (1-2)×10-6 and [N] within (40-60)×10-6, and denitrogen in VD had some advantages. Regarding desulfurization, VD refining benefitted from favorable thermodynamic and kinetic conditions, enabling control of [S] in steel at relatively low levels. In terms of inclusion control, VD process could decrease the quantity of inclusions effectively and modify inclusions through optimizing slag compositions and process parameters. The related research results had certain guiding significance for the research and industrial production of VD refining, offering favorable references for reducing impurity element content, controlling non-metallic inclusions, as well as improving steel cleanliness. Related Articles | Metrics

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The “one tank technology” operation practice of the iron-steel interface using vehicle in Hangang New Area Steelmaking    2024, 40 (4): 85-90.   Abstract （92）      PDF（pc） （7405KB）（40）       Knowledge map    Save Hangang New Area is an integrated relocation project of Hangang East District. Limited by the mountainous terrain and land area, the project adopts compact layout, the nearest distance from blast furnace to converter is 450 m, and the area of tons of steel is only 0.3 m2. The iron and steel interface adopts the “one tank technology” mode using vehicle for the transportation of hot metal, and the hot metal tank can be pulled to steelmaking production in 10 minutes after receiving hot metal. And the use of digital, Internet of Things and other new technologies to assist, after the improvement and optimization since the operation, the new district hot metal tank turnover rate reached 7.0 times/day, the steelmaking hot metal temperature of 1 440 ℃, the proportion of “one tank technology” 99 %, which respectively increased 4.0 times/day, 98 ℃, 39 percentage points higher than before the relocation.Hot metal temperature decreased to 82 ℃, 81 ℃ lower than that before the relocation. The significant reduction in interface heat loss has created favorable conditions for increasing steel and reducing consumption in the steelmaking process, which is in line with the national concept of energy conservation and emission reduction, and has certain reference significance for the “dual carbon” strategy of the industry.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Thermodynamic model of transition temperature of carbon and phosphorus oxidation in converter Steelmaking    2024, 40 (3): 8-14.   Abstract （91）      PDF（pc） （1094KB）（103）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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The influence of aluminum particle size and launch altitude on the movement trajectory of aluminum particles Steelmaking    2024, 40 (3): 39-49.   Abstract （80）      PDF（pc） （1770KB）（71）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of RH vacuum time of lowcarbon steel on cleanliness Steelmaking    2024, 40 (3): 27-32.   Abstract （79）      PDF（pc） （1072KB）（85）       Knowledge map    Save 真空处理；钢水洁净度；夹杂物；脱气 Related Articles | Metrics

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Process practice of low manganese steel in converter Steelmaking    2024, 40 (3): 15-19.   Abstract （78）      PDF（pc） （1273KB）（118）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of nozzle clogging mechanism of low sulfur microalloyed medium carbon steel Steelmaking    2024, 40 (3): 50-55.   Abstract （74）      PDF（pc） （1412KB）（81）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the study of behavior and role of gas bubbles in ladle metallurgy Steelmaking    2024, 40 (5): 1-17.   Abstract （72）      PDF（pc） （14436KB）（65）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Process practice of smelting ultra-low carbon automobile steel by the electric arc furnace Steelmaking    2024, 40 (4): 74-79.   Abstract （71）      PDF（pc） （6424KB）（62）       Knowledge map    Save The production of ultra-low carbon automobile plate DC04 steel by scrap management-EAF-RH vacuum treatmentslab continuous casting process was introduced. Aiming at the problem that C, N and residual elements were difficult to control in short-process smelting process, the reaction principle and production process were emphatically analyzed. The targeted process improvement schemes and technical measures were adopted from scrap management, EAF, vacuum refining to continuous casting, including establishing digital scrap management mode, optimizing EAF endpoint control and scrap preheating process, accurate control of RH vacuum degree and optimization of slag system, revising raw materials standards for continuous casting and optimizing process parameters.The mass fraction of carbon and nitrogen elements in steel was reduced to below 0.002 5 % and 0.003 0 % respectively, and the mass fraction of residual elements of molybdenum, nickel, copper and boron in steel were reduced to below 0.02 %, 0.05 %, 0.08 % and 0.000 6 % respectively, which met the standard requirements of DC04 steel for ultra-low carbon automobile plates and improved the product quality. Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical simulation of multiphase flow in the top-bottom combined blowing process of 120 t converter Steelmaking    2024, 40 (5): 29-37.   Abstract （69）      PDF（pc） （5952KB）（43）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical simulation of macrosegregation formation in large round bloom continuous casting Steelmaking    2024, 40 (3): 56-65.   Abstract （68）      PDF（pc） （2741KB）（116）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of soft blowing on the purity of GCr15 bearing steel Steelmaking    2024, 40 (3): 33-38.   Abstract （67）      PDF（pc） （1503KB）（73）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction of desulfurizer addition based on heterogeneous stack ensemble learning Steelmaking    2024, 40 (3): 1-7.   Abstract （64）      PDF（pc） （2183KB）（66）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical study on flow and interfacial heat transfer behavior in a ladle with bottom argon injection Steelmaking    2024, 40 (5): 49-59.   Abstract （63）      PDF（pc） （12580KB）（32）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the evolution of inclusions in high aluminum steel smelting process Steelmaking    2024, 40 (5): 98-103.   Abstract （62）      PDF（pc） （3887KB）（42）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction of phosphorus content in molten steel at the end of converter blowing based on Stacking algorithm Steelmaking    2024, 40 (4): 11-16.   Abstract （62）      PDF（pc） （6951KB）（62）       Knowledge map    Save According to the actual production data of 120 t converter of Zhongtian Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd., a prediction model of phosphorus content in molten steel at the end of converter blowing based on Stacking algorithm was established. The main factors influencing dephosphorization were determined through the thermodynamic analysis of dephosphorization, and then the input variables of the model were determined. After the data preprocessing was completed, six machine learning algorithms (RF, ET, XGBoost, LightGBM, CatBoost, and NN) were used to establish the models, and then the prediction results of these six models were used for Stacking ensemble modeling by multiple linear regression algorithm. By comparing the prediction results of these seven models, it could be concluded that the Stacking ensemble model had the best prediction effect, and the hit rates of the predicted endpoint phosphorus mass fraction were 90.59 % and 97.56 % when the error interval was ±0.004 % and ±0.005 %, respectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis and control of cracking in hot top forging of round steel during short process smelting in EAF Steelmaking    2024, 40 (3): 20-26.   Abstract （61）      PDF（pc） （2089KB）（59）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of converter alloy model in Meishan Steel Steelmaking    2024, 40 (4): 17-20.   Abstract （58）      PDF（pc） （5063KB）（49）       Knowledge map    Save In order to reduce converter alloy cost, the converter alloy model was developed using linear programming as the core algorithm. The model through designing carbon redundancy and phosphorus redundancy, determining main parameter such as alloy yield and carbon increment of LF treating process and allocating alloy amount of converter based on preferentially using lower price alloy. The cost of alloy was reduced under the premise of meeting with qualified component of liquid steel, and the economic benefits was 3.27 yuan/t. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of rare earth treatment of Al-killed steel Steelmaking    2024, 40 (6): 1-12.   Abstract （57）      PDF（pc） （1931KB）（40）       Knowledge map    Save The addition of rare earth to steel can improve its cleanliness and properties. The research progress of rare earth treatment in Al-killed steel was reviewed. The development and current status of rare earth-containing steel was outlined firstly. Then the effects of adding rare earth to molten steel were summarized on steel cleanliness, inclusion modification, microstructure and mechanical properties, as well as corrosion and oxidation resistance. Among them, the influence of rare earth treatment on inclusions in steel was described in detail including their modification mechanism, evolution, size, density and distribution characteristics, etc. In addition, researches on slag bearing rare earth were introduced including its application in electroslag remelting as well as slag-steel reaction in secondary refining. Finally, a summary and suggestions were provided to offer references for future research and application of rare earth-treated steel. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and development of converter high efficiency smelting technology Steelmaking    2024, 40 (5): 44-48.   Abstract （57）      PDF（pc） （3508KB）（59）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics