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Development of power transformer and effect of its energy efficiency upgrading on demand of oriented silicon steel#br# ZHANG Fengquan, WANG Shuize Electrical Steel    2022, 4 (5): 6-.   Abstract （179）      PDF（pc） （872KB）（705）       Knowledge map    Save The performance of oriented silicon steel is the main factor determining the loss of transformer. The implementation of the new energy efficiency grade standard puts forward higher requirements for oriented silicon steel. Combined with the development of transformer and oriented silicon steel, the relationship between transformer loss and the properties of oriented silicon steel were analyzed in this paper, and the demand prediction of oriented silicon steel after the implementation of the new energy efficiency grade standard was put forward. Related Articles | Metrics

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Electromagnetic characteristics of thin-gauge grain-oriented silicon steel and its application in medium and low frequency power equipments#br# CHENG Ling, MA Guang, HAN Yu, CHEN Xin, HE Chengxu, ZHAO Kaimei, ZHANG Yihang Electrical Steel    2022, 4 (4): 1-.   Abstract （168）      PDF（pc） （1656KB）（665）       Knowledge map    Save According to the application requirements of high-performance grain-oriented (GO) silicon steel for electical equipments such as power frequency energy saving transformer, medium frequency isolation transformer , and low frequency transformer, the electromagnetic characteristics of 0.10-0.27 mm GO steel under different working frequencies were studied by an arbitrary waveform magnetic field excitation measurement system. Compared with 0.10 mm ultrathin GO steel, 0.18 mm high magnetic induction GO steel has lower core loss in the frequency range of 15-400 Hz. The core loss of 0.18 mm sample is not only lower than that of 0.23 mm and 0.27 mm products in the rolling direction (RD), but also has the advantage of minimum loss in the transverse direction (TD). However, for materials with the same thickness, low loss in RD does not mean low loss in TD. The differences of electromagnetic characteristics of silicon steel with different thickness were analyzed, and the results can support the core materials selection of different types of transformer. Finally, the future development trend of thin-gauge GO steel was prospected in terms of the performance requirements of core materials for power frequency, medium frequency and low frequency electical equipments.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of gas chromatography in maintenance of oil-immersed transformer#br# FAN Long, CHEN Wei, WU Sheng Electrical Steel    2022, 4 (5): 38-.   Abstract （151）      PDF（pc） （603KB）（526）       Knowledge map    Save Gas chromatographic analysis is a common technique to detect oilimmersed transformers in operation. By collecting a small amount of transformer oil samples to analyze the gas composition and content in the oil, it can be judged whether there are faults or hidden dangers in the transformer.The coils and cores of oilimmersed transformers are all installed in transformer boxes and immersed in transformer oils, so it is impossible to observe the hidden trouble of transformer directly. The application of gas chromatography to transformer detection can fully solve this problem. In this paper, the gas chromatography was used in practice, and quickly discovered the hidden trouble of the equipment, which provided an effective means to deal with the hidden trouble of the equipment thoroughly and guarantee the stable operation of the equipment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Quality evaluation of grain-oriented silicon steels for 220-1 000 kV power transformers CHENG Ling, ZHANG Yanbing, MA Guang, HE Chengxu, HAN Yu, CHEN Yunxiang Electrical Steel    2024, 6 (1): 30-.   Abstract （114）      PDF（pc） （1554KB）（510）       Knowledge map    Save Quality supervision and evaluation were conducted on the grian-oriented (GO) silicon steel used for power transformers/reactors in the 220-1 000 kV substation project newly built and expanded by State Grid Corporation of China from 2020 to 2023. A total of 175 substation projects, 24 transformer manufacturing enterprises, and 3 GO steel production enterprises were involved. Based on the technical conditions and testing method standards of GO steels, over 20 000 pieces of GO steel samples, including 23 grades such as 20QH070, 23QH075, 27QH085, and 30QH100, were randomly inspected. Overall, the failure rate of performance has been decreasing year by year, and the problems in magnetic properties, coating performance, and appearance quality of batch supplied GO steels have been identified. By continuously conducting quality assessments of GO steels, we have provided strong support for strengthening the source control of power transformer quality and helping to build an inherently safe power grid.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Reliability analysis of chemical industry shielding pump and the application of electrical steel for shielded motor #br# ZHAO Zhicheng, XIAO Haihang, YAN Ming, LI Guang Electrical Steel    2022, 4 (5): 31-.   Abstract （93）      PDF（pc） （1104KB）（503）       Knowledge map    Save The reliability of chemical industry shielding pump was studied through Failure Mode Effects and Critically Analysis （FMECA） technology in this paper，from the angles of chemical pump’s structure, failure mode and failure cause analysis, failure effect and severe degree, detecting methods, design improvements, the adopted compensation measures analysis and hazard analysis. It is also introduced the requirements of the electrical steel application technology for the shielded motor from the design and manufacture. Related Articles | Metrics

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Brief talk about green transformer ZHANG Xueming Electrical Steel    2022, 4 (6): 29-.   Abstract （147）      PDF（pc） （602KB）（488）       Knowledge map    Save This paper comprehensively analyzed the significance of the development of green transformer, and briefly introduced the advantages of the open threedimensional wound core dry-type transformer green manufactured by Guangdong Open Electric Co.,Ltd., such as three-phase balance, energy saving, material saving, etc., and the necessity of applying three-dimensional wound core transformer to green transformer, hoping to provide effective help for relevant personnel. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the characteristics of the open three-dimensional winding core dry-type transformer used in super high-rise buildings#br# ZHANG Xueming Electrical Steel    2022, 4 (5): 42-.   Abstract （158）      PDF（pc） （630KB）（460）       Knowledge map    Save The technical advantages, performance comparison and performance requirements for silicon steel materials of the open three-dimensional core dry-type transformer used in super high-rise buildings were briefly expounded. It is analyzed that the transformer has the characteristics of miniaturization, lightness, low noise, safety and environmental protection, high efficiency and energy conservation, and solves the problems of transformer vertical transportation and noise disturbing people. Related Articles | Metrics

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Hot rolling equipments and technical progress for electrical steel in China SHI Xiangju, FENG Dajun, SUN Feilong, LIU Xiaofei, ZHANG Fengquan Electrical Steel    2022, 4 (6): 6-.   Abstract （131）      PDF（pc） （2187KB）（449）       Knowledge map    Save The grain orientation, grain size and shape of electrical steel are closely related to the production processes, and then affect the magnetic properties and surface quality of finished products. After the composition and microstructures of the billet are determined, hot rolling process plays an important role in the magnetic properties and surface quality of finished products, and hot rolling equipments can ensure the implementation of hot rolling processes.In this paper, the hot rolling process equipment and technical progress of main electrical steel enterprises in China were introduced. The process flow, equipment characteristics and main technical parameters of 1 880 mm, 1　580 mm, 1 780 mm and 1 549 mm hot rolling lines were compared and summarized, which provides an important reference for the design and transformation of electrical steel hot rolling production line. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on production process of 50BW350 nonoriented silicon steel by bell annealing LI Yiwei, LI Dejun, QIAO Haohao Electrical Steel    2022, 4 (4): 28-.   Abstract （169）      PDF（pc） （792KB）（445）       Knowledge map    Save Without electromagnetic stirring and normalizing annealing equipment for the production of high-grade non-oriented silicon steel, the bell furnace annealing equipment was used to produce highgrade 50BW350 non-oriented silicon steel products in BX Steel by formulating reasonable chemical composition and process system. The results showed that the produced 50BW350 non-oriented silicon steel meets the standard requirements with the magnetic induction of  1.70 T and iron loss of 3.1 W/kg, and the mass production of high-grade non-oriented silicon steel 50BW350 is successfully realized in BX Steel.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of highefficiency propulsion motors based on ultra-thin non-oriented electrical steel LI Jianwei, LI Yulin, MA Deji, ZHANG Hang, PEI Ruilin Electrical Steel    2022, 4 (5): 13-.   Abstract （136）      PDF（pc） （941KB）（421）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, the technology of electric propulsion systems for electric aircraft, including pure electric power and hybrid power, has received increasing attention. As the most critical power source for electric aircraft, the performance of propulsion motors has a direct impact on the performance and reliability of electric aircraft. Efficiency is a key indicator for motors. This paper designed a high-efficiency axial flux motor for electric aircraft propulsion system, whose stator material is made of ultra-thin non-oriented electrical steel, and compared the ultra-thin non-oriented electrical steel with conventional electrical steel at different frequencies and temperatures. The simulation results showed that the ultra-thin non-oriented electrical steel can effectively improve the operating efficiency of the motor in the field of high frequency motor. Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of U type radiant tube burner in heating furnace for normalization unit#br# WANG Changliang, DONG Chunming Electrical Steel    2022, 4 (6): 25-.   Abstract （172）      PDF（pc） （1410KB）（415）       Knowledge map    Save The basic structure and working principle of the low NOx  type F-L shape radiant tube burner were introduced in this paper. The problems of insufficient heating ability in heating furnace was analyzed. Some effective measures were put forward to shorten the flame length combined with the production practice, and got a satisfied good performance. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the development trend of thin gauge and very-thin/ultra-thin gauge electrical steel#br# CHEN Zhuo Electrical Steel    2024, 6 (1): 46-.   Abstract （182）      PDF（pc） （661KB）（404）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, the rapid development of the global new energy vehicle market, coupled with the rapid advancement of self-adhesive coating technology, has led to an increasing demand for thin gauge electrical steel. This is especially true for the high-end electric motor market, such as high-speed motors and micro motors, where the rapid progress in self-adhesive coating technology has greatly driven the demand for very-thin/ultra-thin gauge electrical steel. Currently, many electric motor manufacturers for new energy vehicles are seeking to purchase self-adhesive coated electrical steel. Numerous electrical steel companies, research institutions, coating companies, and core manufacturers are actively developing self-adhesive coating and die-cutting techniques. From this, we can observe a trend in the development of thin gauge and very-thin/ultra-thin gauge electrical steel.This article focused on elaborating on thin gauge and very-thin/ultra-thin gauge electrical steel, their current production status, development, and demand trends.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Thermal dynamic analysis of RH de-sulphur process for silicon steel CHEN Yuxin, SUN Liang, CAO Renfeng Electrical Steel    2022, 4 (6): 1-.   Abstract （126）      PDF（pc） （788KB）（399）       Knowledge map    Save The practice during RH de-sulphur process of silicon steel observed that de-sulphur effect not only happened by flux addition but also without flux when higher [Al] and [Si] inside the molten steel. Besides, de-sulphur was proved before deoxidation time to time. The last odd phenomenon was the decreasing sulphur content from RH end to tundish. Thermal dynamic calculation helped to find that the RH de-sulphur process would be divided to two stages – before deoxidation and after deoxidation. CS gas was generated by weak reaction between [C] and [S] in the first stage; in steel-slag reaction, SiS gas was generated by [S] and [Si], and complex reactions with [S], [Al], [Si] and [Ca] was conduct in the second stage. Consequently higher contents of [Al] and [Si] played big positive roles in the second stage. Furtherly, gases of CS and SiS formation inside the liquid metal before endpoint of converter bringed some of sulphur out, and then the CS gas would mix with oxygen to generate SO2 when meeting with the continous oxygen supplied in converter and the air on the surface of molten iron. CO2 component in the flux would be bad at carbon pickup control and alloy yield due to reactions with alloy elements as [Al], [Si]. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on design and application technology of oriented-electrical steel for electric machine HU Anrui, WANG Lei, ZHANG Hang, PEI Ruilin Electrical Steel    2022, 4 (4): 9-.   Abstract （165）      PDF（pc） （1250KB）（396）       Knowledge map    Save In response to the increasingly stringent torque density and efficiency of high-performance motors, the performance of traditional soft magnetic materials has been brought to the extreme. The exploration and application of new soft magnetic materials is an important way to improve the performance of motors. Therefore, oriented electrical steels with high magnetic induction and low iron loss along the rolling direction were proposed to the design of the stator teeth of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), which was also compared with the traditional non-oriented electrical steel motor. The results showed that compared with the traditional material motor, the torque of the new motor topology can be increased by 3.4 %, the iron loss can be reduced by 18 %, and the overall efficiency of the motor has been improved. It lays a foundation for the application of oriented electrical steel soft magnetic materials in high performance motors. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of high-temperature annealing process  for grain-oriented silicon steel#br# PENG Xiaoqian, FAN Gangqiang, TAN Jianfen, YANG Qun, LIU Qi Electrical Steel    2024, 6 (2): 1-.   Abstract （145）      PDF（pc） （2013KB）（389）       Knowledge map    Save High-temperature annealing is a crucial process in the production of cold-rolled grain-oriented silicon steel, and extensive research has been conducted by practitioners over several decades, leading to significant advancements. The high-temperature annealing equipment, process, and microstructure growth mechanism of grain-oriented silicon steel were summarized based on the characteristics of the process and existing domestic and foreign researches. Furthermore, potential directions for future research in the high-temperature annealing process were proposed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis and improvement of hot rolled coil shape of grain-oriented silicon steel#br# HUANG Suzhong, LAI Yun, LIAO Deqiao, XU Xihua Electrical Steel    2022, 4 (4): 18-.   Abstract （235）      PDF（pc） （690KB）（386）       Knowledge map    Save The quality of the grain-oriented silicon steel coil is directly related to the steel's yield. According to the slippage of the coiling tail of the hot-rolled base material of the oriented silicon steel produced by a steel plant, the main reasons for the occurrence were analyzed. With measures such as the adjustment of the lag rate and the adjustment of the center line of the finishing rolling, the tail coil shape of the grain-oriented silicon steel has been greatly improved. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Sendzimir mill's main drive rectifier overcurrent problem in steel break braking process DING Mengyu, TAO Guilin, CHEN Wei, WU Daojun, XIONG Jinle, HU Song Electrical Steel    2022, 4 (4): 32-.   Abstract （221）      PDF（pc） （1188KB）（383）       Knowledge map    Save A 20 high Sendzimir mill in Silicon Steel Department of Wuhan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. was retrofitted with Hib Technology In 2016.After that the overcurrent fault of the Sendzimir mill's main drive rectifier occasionally happened in the steel break braking process after high speed rolling.  The structure of the mill's main drive system and the control strategy for steel break braking were introduced in this paper. With the principle of energy feedback rectifier, the cause of overcurrent in the braking process was analyzed and solved eventually. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of annealing time on the iron loss of Fe-3.2 % Si  non-oriented silicon steel PEI Yinghao, XIA Xuelan, SHI Lifa, QI Xuan, CHENG Mingxia, LIU Qingsong Electrical Steel    2022, 4 (6): 16-.   Abstract （162）      PDF（pc） （1042KB）（371）       Knowledge map    Save Based on high grade nonoriented silicon steel with Si content of 3.2 % , the influences of annealing time on the iron losses of P1.0/50 and P1.5/50 were studied. The results showed that：with the increase of the annealing time，the iron losses of P1.0/50 and P1.5/50 decreased first and then increased. The iron loss P1.0/50 became the lowest, which was 1.008 W/kg, when the annealing time was 110 s. While the lowest iron loss P1.5/50 was 2.601 W/kg when the annealing time was 90 s. The average grain size increased from 70 μm to 164 μm as the annealing time increased from 50 s to 130 s. The {110}〈001〉 orientation grain was small and much with short annealing heat time,and its texture component strength was high.While when the annealing time increased, the strengths of γ-fiber texture,{100}〈0vw〉 and {110}〈001〉 were increased，but the increasing amplitude was gradually slowed down. At the annealing temperature of 1 000 ℃ and the time 90 s,the Fe-3.2% Si non-oriented silicon steel can obtain excellent properties of low iron losses of P1.0/50 and P1.5/50 and high homogeneity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and prospects of grain oriented silicon steel in electric motor LU Xusheng, LI Yangyang, MA Deji, LI Zhiye, ZENG Lubin, PEI Ruilin Electrical Steel    2024, 6 (1): 23-.   Abstract （234）      PDF（pc） （1654KB）（364）       Knowledge map    Save In order to further reduce the iron loss and improve the performance of the motor, the application of grain oriented silicon steel instead of nonoriented silicon steel to motors has become a new research field. This paper introduced the technical development of grain oriented silicon steel applied to motors, summaried the influence of each technology on motor performance, analyzed the problems existing in the application of oriented silicon steel motor and its future development trend. It provides reference for the development direction of high efficiency, high power density and low loss in China’s motor industry. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and improvement of tension meter in acid continuous rolling mill ZHANG Xiaojun, YANG Yao Electrical Steel    2022, 4 (6): 32-.   Abstract （235）      PDF（pc） （1426KB）（350）       Knowledge map    Save The measuring principle and application of the tension meter in the acid continuous rolling mill of the cold rolling silicon steel plant in Shanxi Taigang Stainless Steel Co.， Ltd. were introduced in this paper. The tension meter was not stable in actual production, which caused frequent failures. In order to ensure the stability of the measurement accuracy of the tension meter, targeted improvement measures were proposed for the failure points of the tension meter, which have obvious effects in the use process. Related Articles | Metrics