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主管：宝山钢铁股份有限公司
主办：武汉钢铁有限公司
主编：毛炯辉
ISSN 2096-7101
CN 42-1903/TF
《电工钢》秉承“介绍电工钢新发展、新技术、新成果，搭建学术交流平台，推动电工钢科技进步和产业发展”的办刊宗旨，主要刊登电工钢产业链新工艺、新技术、新产品、新装备及企业经营管理等方面的原创性论文。
Current Issue
28 April 2026 Volume 8 Issue 2
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Influence of normalizing temperature on primary recrystallization behavior in nitriding grain‑oriented silicon steel

LI Li¹, LI Fuqiang¹, JIA Zhiwei¹, JIANG Qiwu¹, LIU Xuming²
2026, 8(2):  1-7. 
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Taking 0.27mm gauge high magnetic induction grain‑oriented silicon steel produced by the post‑nitriding method as the research object, the effects of normalizing temperature on the precipitation behavior of inherent inhibitors and primary recrystallization structure were systematically studied through laboratory simulation of normalizing and decarburization annealing processes. The results show that the normalizing temperature has a significant regulating effect on the precipitation size and distribution density of inhibitors. When the temperature of the high‑temperature stage of normalizing is 1115℃, the proportion of precipitates with diameter below 100nm in the normalized sheet reaches 67%. The fine inhibitors can effectively pin the grain boundary migration, refine the primary recrystallized structure, and reduce the average grain size to 17.4μm. After decarburization and nitriding, the proportion of fine precipitates below 100nm is further increased to 80%, which creates favorable conditions for the preferential growth of subsequent secondary recrystallization. 
Study on vapour diffusion behavior and influencing factors during high‑temperature annealing process of grain‑oriented silicon steel
TANG Yuqin, LIU Zhiqiao, SHEN Hanyang, WANG Dahang, ZHANG Jun
2026, 8(2):  8-12. 
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To address the surface quality defects caused by water vapor residue during the high‑temperature annealing of grain‑oriented silicon steel, this study systematically investigated the evaporation characteristics of free water and the decomposition rules of magnesium hydroxide in the magnesium oxide coating, as well as the effect of coil temperature difference on water vapor diffusion in the first soaking section of high‑temperature annealing. Meanwhile, it explored the regulating effect of protective atmosphere flow rate and temperature in the first soaking section on the surface quality of finished products, by means of non‑isothermal thermogravimetric experiments, actual measurement of internal coil temperature and real‑time monitoring of water content inside the inner cover. The experimental results show that the initial and final decomposition temperatures of magnesium hydroxide in the magnesium oxide coating are 195℃ and 412℃, respectively; the mass ratios of free water and combined water in the coating are 0.13% and 0.46%, respectively. In actual industrial production, the maximum temperature difference between the outer and middle layers of the coil can reach 420℃, and the maximum difference in decomposition time of magnesium hydroxide at different positions of the coil is up to 20h; the water content inside the inner cover shows a trend of “first increasing and then decreasing” with holding time. Increasing the flow rate of protective atmosphere or reducing the temperature in the first soaking section can effectively reduce the area ratio of watermark defects on the coil surface and significantly improve the product surface quality.

Effect of silicon‑aluminum content on high‑temperature thermal conductivity of silicon steel and optimization of its manufacturing process

ZHANG Fengquan¹, ², ZHANG Hua¹, ², ZHU Yingtao¹, LIU Tao¹, ², NI Hongwei¹, ²
2026, 8(2):  13-19. 
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Studies on the high‑temperature thermal conductivity of silicon steel are relatively scarce, which restricts the development and optimization of its manufacturing processes. In this work, the thermal conductivities of a series of non‑oriented silicon steel, oriented silicon steel and low‑carbon steel grades with different silicon‑aluminum contents were comprehensively measured in the temperature range of 200℃ to 1400℃. The results show that when the temperature exceeds 1000℃, the thermal conductivity of silicon steel increases abnormally with the rise of temperature, being about 10W/(m·K) higher than that of low‑carbon steel at 1400℃. Taking advantage of the high thermal conductivity of silicon steel at elevated temperatures, the casting speed and exit temperature of continuous casting billets can be increased. Meanwhile, inhibitor control can be shifted to the continuous casting billet stage, which reduces the soaking temperature of hot rolling furnaces and greatly shortens the furnace residence time. Furthermore, this characteristic enables direct slab rolling and improves product performance. In addition, the high‑temperature thermal conductivity of silicon steel helps to increase the billet casting speed, realize high‑throughput matching of continuous casting, rough rolling, finish rolling and cooling processes, eliminate intermittent downtime, ensure stable product quality and achieve remarkable energy‑saving effects. 

Research progress on surface coating adhesion of grain‑oriented silicon steel

ZENG Jian, WANG Xiongkui, CHENG Difu
2026, 8(2):  20-27. 
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The two‑layer structure composed of a glass film and an inorganic insulating coating on the surface of grain‑oriented silicon steel sheets is the key to ensuring the insulation resistance of transformer cores, reducing power loss, and improving processability and corrosion resistance. Tight adhesion between the coating and the substrate is the core prerequisite for achieving the above properties. In this paper, the coating adhesion mechanism is explained from two dimensions: physical mechanisms (mechanical interlocking, wetting, and weak boundary layer theories) and chemical mechanisms (chemical bonding and acid‑base theories). The influencing laws of glass film quality, surface cleaning effect, coating solution wettability, chemical bonding effect and other factors on coating adhesion are systematically analyzed, and the development status of testing standards and devices for the adhesion of grain‑oriented silicon steel is summarized. The results show that preparing high‑quality glass films, optimizing coating solution components and the size and morphology of colloidal silica, and improving surface cleaning quality are the keys to obtaining excellent coating adhesion performance. Finally, it is pointed out that there is an urgent need to formulate an internationally recognized testing standard for the adhesion of grain‑oriented silicon steel that is accepted by both upstream and downstream industries. 

Research on control of edge wave defects in final pass of thin‑gauge high‑silicon electrical steel cold‑rolled strip by 20‑high rolling mill

DONG Yalong, LIU Xiaoqiang, JIANG Dongyou, LI Yunlai, ZHANG Jianfa, ZHAO Jinyuan, CHENG Hao, BAI Zhanhai
2026, 8(2):  28-34. 
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High‑silicon electrical steel (mass fraction of silicon ≥3.0%) as a key variety of thin‑gauge cold‑rolled strip, is susceptible to edge wave defects during the final pass rolling of 20‑high rolling mill due to its high strength and hardness characteristics in cold rolling, which seriously impairs product quality and production efficiency. Based on the cold rolling deformation characteristics of high‑silicon electrical steel, this paper analyzes the generation mechanism of edge wave defects in depth, systematically investigates the influence laws of key factors such as work roll parameters, tensile stress and pass reduction rate on defects, acquires data support through quantitative experiments, and puts forward targeted control schemes. The industrial verification results show that the optimized process can reduce the edge wave defect rate of thin‑gauge high‑silicon electrical steel strip by more than 85%, providing technical support for the stable production of thin‑gauge high‑silicon electrical steel products. 

Influence of two‑stage cold rolling process on magnetic properties of ultra‑thin non‑oriented silicon steel
SHI Xiangju, LIU Xiaoxiao, WANG Xiang, YAN Chengliang, DU Xinghong, CHEN Mingyi
2026, 8(2):  42-46. 
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The development of new energy vehicles and high‑efficiency motors has raised higher requirements for the performance of non‑oriented silicon steel. In this paper, hot‑rolled sheets of non‑oriented silicon steel with silicon mass fraction of 3.2%~3.4% were subjected to high‑temperature normalizing at 950℃, followed by two‑stage cold rolling to obtain 0.15mm cold‑rolled sheets, and then final annealing at 1000℃. The effects of different cold rolling reduction rate distributions on grain size, texture evolution and magnetic properties were investigated. The results show that when the first cold rolling reduction rate is 87.5% and the second cold rolling reduction rate is 40%, the favorable λ texture and Goss texture of the finished annealed sheets are significantly enhanced, the proportion of detrimental γ texture is reduced, the grain size is controlled in a reasonable range, and the magnetic properties are optimal. 

Quantitative rating method for coating adhesion of grain‑oriented electrical steel

HUANG Shuang, XIANG Qian, PENG Pei, ZHANG Junpeng, NIE Shun, ZHANG Tingting
2026, 8(2):  42-46. 
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To solve the problems of large error and poor repeatability of the traditional manual visual rating method, this paper adopted an industrial camera system to collect images of coating adhesion of grain‑oriented electrical steel. The image recognition system was used for secondary processing such as graying, denoising and binarization of the collected images. Combined with the actual shedding morphology of the coating and the quantitative proportion of shedding area, a quantitative rating method for coating adhesion of grain‑oriented electrical steel was established. The verification result shows that the repeatability of this method reaches 0.45%, which can greatly reduce the error and deviation of manual rating, and provide accurate data support for the optimization of production processes. 

Study on improving hardness and extending nodulation cycle of normalizing furnace rollers for electrical steel via micro‑convex rib cladding structure

ZENG Jian¹, WANG Xingdong², LI Bingquan³
2026, 8(2):  47-54. 
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Aiming at the nodulation phenomenon caused by low hardness of furnace rollers in the normalizing heat treatment furnace for electrical steel, which scratches the strip steel and affects the surface quality of electrical steel, laser cladding technology is used to clad Fe‑based powder on the roller surface. A micro‑convex rib cladding structure is designed to improve the roller surface hardness and prolong the nodulation cycle. The finite element models of single‑pass cladding and micro‑convex rib cladding on the surface of furnace rollers are established by using double ellipsoid heat source, and the accuracy of the models is verified by experiments. The results show that under the conditions of laser power 900W and scanning speed 3mm/s, the cladding temperature is concentrated at the spot position, showing a distribution characteristic of high front end and low back end. The residual stress of the micro‑convex rib structure is lower than that of the single‑pass cladding. The martensite content of the cladding layer decreases with the increase of depth, and the hardness decreases synchronously. The hardness of the cladding layer is about 900HV, which is 1.84 times higher than that of the matrix furnace roller. The friction coefficient of the cladding layer is lower than that of the roller surface matrix, and the wear volume is only 11.21% of that of the furnace roller, indicating that the wear resistance is significantly improved.

Effect of cold‑rolled non‑oriented silicon steel on the performance of automotive AC generators

2026, 8(2):  55-60. 
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To investigate the impacts of different core materials on the performance of automotive alternating current (AC) generators, a comparative study was carried out on three types of core materials, namely 50WW290, 50WW600 cold‑rolled non‑oriented silicon steels and SPCC cold‑rolled steel. The experimental results indicated that replacing the conventional SPCC cold‑rolled steel with 50WW290 and 50WW600 cold‑rolled non‑oriented silicon steels for the stator core of AC generators could enhance the electrical performance by 3.2%‑6.4%, reduce the thermal equilibrium temperature rise by 6%‑6.9%, and decrease the electromagnetic noise by 1‑8dB. It is demonstrated that 50WW290 and 50WW600 cold‑rolled non‑oriented silicon steels play a significant positive role in improving the overall performance of automotive AC generators. 

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