Volumn Content

Electrical Steel 2019 Vol.1 Please wait a minute... For Selected: Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX Toggle Thumbnails Select Discussion on the strategic development of electrical steel industry from the perspective of energy development in China ZHANG Shourong, CHEN Zhuo, HU Shoutian Electrical Steel    2019, 1 (1): 1-4.   Abstract （164）      PDF（pc） （1321KB）（742）       Knowledge map    Save Electric energy is a significant support for the economic construction and people's life of a country, and it is also the basis for the development of electrical steel industry. Focusing on energy development, future electricity demand and structural changes, this paper analyzes and looks forward to the growth of high－end electrical steel demand, the development process of China's electrical steel industry and future strategic ideas. Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on the production process and the demand of the extremely thin oriented electrical steel CHEN Zhuo Electrical Steel    2019, 1 (1): 5-7.   Abstract （192）      PDF（pc） （1315KB）（962）       Knowledge map    Save This paper focuses on a kind of extremely thin oriented electrical steel with high frequency, whose thickness is 0.10 mm(0.08 mm), 0.05 mm, 0.03 mm, width is below 350 mm, and the frequency is between 400 and 3000 Hz. The product is mainly imported. In recent years, some enterprises have developed a kind of raw material of HiB oriented electrical steel without the glass film, and put it into use, which achieved obvious effect. The research shows that the appearance of the raw material of HiB oriented electrical steel without glass film changes the previous production process, mainly solves the problem of "bottle-neck" of removing surface coating and bottom layer of glass film, and reduces a working procedure. It lays an important foundation for stable production of extremely thin oriented electrical steel to realize localization and reduce import. Related Articles | Metrics Select Preparation and characterization of oriented high silicon steel LIU Gang, TANG Baijin, LIU Xinli, LEI ming, ZHEN Xiaofeng Electrical Steel    2019, 1 (1): 8-10.   Abstract （194）      PDF（pc） （1136KB）（848）       Knowledge map    Save The structure, phase, texture and magnetic properties of the samples of the finished grain oriented silicon steel with Si content of 3% were tested and analyzed after solid siliconizing and diffusion annealing by pack cementation. The results showed that: the silicon permeable layer with smooth surface, dense interior and good bonding with matrix can be prepared on the oriented silicon steel with Si content of 3 % in a short time (10 min) under the condition of 800 ℃ and silicon powder + (mass fraction 0.5 %) halide + filler, and Goss texture can be completely retained with high frequency iron loss reduced significantly (37 %~63 %) after diffusion annealing. It has been proved that solid silicon osmosis technology can prepare oriented high silicon steel with excellent magnetic properties. Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of temperature field of high temperature ring furnaceon magnetic properties of grain oriented silicon steel HU Shoutian, XIA Tian, SHEN Xinyi, ZHOU Yujun, LUO Zhonghan Electrical Steel    2019, 1 (1): 11-15.   Abstract （130）      PDF（pc） （1515KB）（698）       Knowledge map    Save The temperature distribution of grain oriented silicon steel coil in ring furnace was analyzed by the model of temperature field in ring furnace. The influence on silicon steel’s property from the temperature field was discussed. The result showed that，there was an obvious temperature difference at different positions of the steel coil during heating stage, which affects the secondary recrystallization process of the oriented silicon steel, and then leads to the difference of the magnetic properties of the oriented silicon steel. Related Articles | Metrics Select Measurement and analysis of nonuniformity of iron lossdistribution in oriented electrical steel strip LI Xiuzhang, ZHOU Xinhua Electrical Steel    2019, 1 (1): 16-18.   Abstract （116）      PDF（pc） （2255KB）（700）       Knowledge map    Save At present, more and more attention has been paid on the uniformity of transverse iron loss distribution of oriented electrical steels. The magnetic performance testing methods are mainly divided into static and dynamic testing(online detection). Now, there is no relevant testing method for dynamic testing of electrical iron loss performance in China. In this paper, we studied on the method and reliability of dynamic measurement of iron loss transverse distribution of electrical steel strip in online measurement by the method of using a small single permeameter to measure iron loss in different regions of large single steel sheet sample on the basis of GB/T 13789—2008. The results showed that there is good correlation and consistency between the iron loss distribution in different areas measured by permeameter close to the sample and permeameter separating 10 mm from the sample. Related Articles | Metrics Select Influence of magnetostriction of grain oriented silicon steel on magnetic domain structure ZHU Yechao, TIAN Wenzhou, LUO Zhonghan, HU Shoutian, SUN Liang, GUO Xiaolong, CHEN Xiangwei Electrical Steel    2019, 1 (1): 19-22.   Abstract （171）      PDF（pc） （1576KB）（928）       Knowledge map    Save It was summarized in this paper the factors which influence the magnetostriction of grain oriented silicon steel. The AcDc magnetic properties measurement device, magnetostriction measurement device and magnetic domain viewer were used to investigate the influence of permeability and domain structure on the magnetostriction of grain oriented silicon steel. It was found that the domain deviation angle has direct influence to the maximum negative magnetostriction; the wedgelike domain has great influence on the saturated magnetostriction；the wedgelike domain can be reduced by laser scribing and thus magnetostriction can be decreased. Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Bi on microstructure and texture during high temperature annealing of low temperature grainoriented silicon steel SHEN Minghui, YANG Jiaxin, GUO Xiaolong, LUO Xingen, GAO Yang, CHENG Xiangwei Electrical Steel    2019, 1 (1): 23-28.   Abstract （149）      PDF（pc） （1842KB）（661）       Knowledge map    Save The annealing processes of low temperature grainoriented silicon steel which containing bismuth（Bi）and Bifree components have been studied by interrupting test，and the magnetic properties were measured by magnetic determinator (MPG200D), the evolution of texture and grain size was analyzed by Xray diffraction (XRD) and optical microscopy. The results showed that the primary grain size decreased and the secondary recrystallized grain size increased to 20~60 mm after the addition of Bi element. The onset temperature of secondary recrystallization was increased significantly after the addition of Bi element,and the temperature ranges of grain abnormal growth on containing Bi and Bifree sample were 1 080~1 100 ℃ and 1 060~1 080 ℃ respectively. The texture analysis showed that as the high temperature annealing temperature increased, the {111} and {100} textures were gradually weakened, the {110} texture and Goss texture were gradually enhanced. The texture transformation temperatures of containing Bi and Bifree samples were 1 100 ℃ and 1 080 ℃ respectively, then the Goss texture density and volume fraction increased gradually. The Goss texture density and volume fraction of Bicontaining samples were higher than those of Bifree samples. Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of normalizing treatment on microstructure, texture and magnetic properties of 50W800 electrical steel WU Xiaolong, YANG Ping, GU Xinfu, PEI Wei, LENG Yemin Electrical Steel    2019, 1 (1): 29-36.   Abstract （170）      PDF（pc） （10465KB）（221）       Knowledge map    Save Effects of normalizing temperatures on the microstructure, texture and magnetic properties of the 50W800 hot rolled sheets were investigated by optical microscopy and EBSD technique. The results showed that the grains in surface regions are coarsened significantly after normalization, and the grain sizes can reach more than 500 μm. Normalization can increase the magnetic induction B50 by 0.041 T and reduce the iron loss P1.5/50 by 0.6 W/kg. Compared with the final sheets without normalizing treatment, the {111} texture ratio of the normalized final sheets decreased, the Goss texture ratio slightly increased, and the magnetic induction increased. There is no direct relationship between the grain sizes of the final sheets and the initial grain sizes of the normalized sheet. The larger the initial grain size is, the stronger the nucleation at shear bands in deformed sheets, and the smaller the recrystallized grain sizes after recrystallization. It is noted that the non{111} oriented grain grows faster than the {111} oriented one during further annealing, therefore, prolonging the holding time can effectively improve magnetic properties. Related Articles | Metrics Select Comparison of inclusions and precipitates in different grade nonoriented electrical steels REN Qiang, CHENG Lin, HU Zhiyuan, ZHANG Lifeng Electrical Steel    2019, 1 (1): 37-41.   Abstract （206）      PDF（pc） （1785KB）（827）       Knowledge map    Save In the current study, automatic scanning electron microscope and field emission scanning electron microscope were employed to analyze types and morphologies of inclusions and precipitates in nonoriented electrical steels. A thermodynamic software FactSage was conducted to analyze the inclusion formation behavior. With the increase of aluminum content, oxide inclusions changed with the the sequence of SiO2-Al2O3-MnO→Al2O3→MgO·Al2O3. For Aldeoxidized nonoriented electrical steels, angular AlN was the dominative nitride. Besides, the relationship between the average size of AlN and Al content was {d}μm=3.75·[%Al]-0.57. The content of Mg increased with the increasing Al content. With the increase of magnesium content and the decrease of sulfur, sulfides changed with the sequence of (Mn,Cu)S→(Mn,Mg)S→MgS. Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of annealing temperature on microstructure and magnetic properties of nonoriented silicon steel containing 2.5 %Si HE Zhijian, SHI Lifa, PEI Yinghao, CHENG Guoqing, ZHAN Yungao, XIA Xuelan Electrical Steel    2019, 1 (1): 42-48.   Abstract （160）      PDF（pc） （2415KB）（615）       Knowledge map    Save The effect of annealing temperature on microstructure and magnetic properties of nonoriented silicon steel containing 2.5 %Si was investigated in this paper. The results showed that, the effect of annealing temperature on magnetic properties is obvious, with the increase of annealing temperature from 850 ℃ to 1 050 ℃, the iron loss P1.5/50 value is firstly decreased and then increases slightly, and reaches the lowest at 950 ℃, P1.0/400 value is firstly decreased and then increased, and reaches the lowest at 900 ℃. With the increase of annealing temperature, the strength of beneficial texture components decreases gradually, and the magnetic induction B50 decreases monotonously. Related Articles | Metrics Select Application problems of national standards of measuring methods for alternatingcurrent magnetic properties of electrical steel and their solutions SHEN Jie, TANG Ling, ZHOU Xing Electrical Steel    2019, 1 (1): 48-54.   Abstract （173）      PDF（pc） （1626KB）（658）       Knowledge map    Save This paper groomed and analyzed the problems of current national standards of measuring methods for alternatingcurrent magnetic properties of electrical steel（including Epstein frame and single sheet test）, such as, correcting specific core loss while waveform distorted, assumed effective magnetic path length is not the true one, and lack of calibration method of magnetic test system. And some solutions were also proposed like using digital feeback control technology to avoid correcting specific core loss, assuming effective magnetic path length as 475mm, and comprehensive calibration method for magnetic test system. Related Articles | Metrics Select Typical faults of silicon steel acid regenerated graphite heat exchanger and its improvement measures Electrical Steel    2019, 1 (1): 55-58.   Abstract （146）      PDF（pc） （1781KB）（599）       Knowledge map    Save The graphite heat exchanger in the predesilication area of Shougang siliconsteel acid regeneration unit is a blockhole type graphite heat exchanger, which is used to cool the waste acid transported from the pickling line of silicon steel. The content of Silicon mud in the waste acid discharged from the pickling line to the predesilication unit is about 500 mg/L. Since putting into production, the silicon mud blockage of graphite heat exchanger in predesilication area often occurs. In this paper, the structure of the graphite heat exchanger, the typical faults and the existing problems of the current treatment methods were discussed in detail, and the improvement measures were put forward. Through the reasonable selection and optimization of equipment, an online alkaline cleaning system is set up, and the reaction between SiO2 and NaOH is used to generate Na2SiO3 which is soluble in water. Therefore, it is convenient and effective to dredge the graphite heat exchanger online, which improves the input rate of the graphite heat exchanger and greatly reduces the cost of maintenance and spare parts. Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on the development change and the demand of electrical steel in China in the new era#br# CHEN Zhuo Electrical Steel    2019, 1 (2): 1-6.   Abstract （172）      PDF（pc） （1657KB）（874）       Knowledge map    Save The manufacturing technologies and the quality of electrical steel were taken as an important symbol to measure the production and the technological level of a country' s steel products. This paper studied the development changes of electrical steel in China, introduced the development course of China' s electrical steel industry from nothing to existence and from weakness to strength, from the aspects of the production capacity, the output, the apparent consumption, the import and export quantity, the production and technology, and so on. Meanwhile the positive policies, the adverse factors, the downstream industries related with electrical steel were analyzed, the demand growth of electrical steel in China was forecast, and some suggestions were put forward. Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on cold rolling equipment status and cold rolling technology of electrical steel ZHANG Fengquan, HU Wencai Electrical Steel    2019, 1 (2): 7-13.   Abstract （185）      PDF（pc） （1987KB）（867）       Knowledge map    Save This paper introduced the cold rolling equipment of electrical steel in both domestic and international enterprises. Combining with the cold rolling equipment of electrical steel,the cold rolling technologies of highgrade electrical steel were also researched, which could give advice on related electrical steel grades and equipment selection. Related Articles | Metrics Select Examination and analysis of point indentations in grain oriented silicon steels YANG Ping, LIU Liying, ZHANG Haili, JIA Zhiwei Electrical Steel    2019, 1 (2): 14-20.   Abstract （118）      PDF（pc） （2385KB）（463）       Knowledge map    Save The surface quality of grain oriented silicon steels is another most important key factor that controls the final qualities of steel products. When the magnetic properties are checked to be satisfactory, the poor surface quality could lead to the degrading or even abandonment of products. Bare grains, water marks, indentations, etc, are all typical surface defects of grain oriented silicon steels during their developments. This paper aims to examine and analyze the point indentations occurred in the final surface sheets of grain oriented silicon steel so as to provide basic features of point indentations and possible reasons of their formation. For this purpose, laser confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and electron backscatter diffraction technique are used. It is shown that the holes of indentations contain mainly insulating materials, whereas their surroundings are much rich in Fe element of sheet matrix. The compositions of both positions are different to those of normal insulating layers away from them. Based on these features and the facts that the no trace of deformation or recrystallization with fine grains are observed in the interior steel matrix directly located below indentation hole, it is suggested that the investigated indentations should be caused by either the inhomogeneous point defects of oxide layer or inhomogeneous MgO layer which form as hard particle objects and induce a strong plastic deformation in the soft steel sheets during high temperature annealing. Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of cold rolling reduction rate on cold rolling andannealing texture of thin oriented silicon steel LUO Xingen, HUANG Xinbo, GUO Xiaolong , YANG Jiaxin, SHEN Minghui Electrical Steel    2019, 1 (2): 21-28.   Abstract （161）      PDF（pc） （10480KB）（229）       Knowledge map    Save In the experiment, different thickness of low temperature oriented silicon steel hot rolled plate was cold rolled to 0.18 mm. The texture of the surface and central layer of the cold rolled plate was analyzed by XRD, and the section of the decarburized plate was analyzed by EBSD. In the cold rolled samples ,the results showed that the total content of {111} surface texture decreased, and {100} surface texture increased with the increase of reduction rate. In decarburized samples, the {111} texture increased significantly, especially the {111} 〈112〉 texture, and the {100} texture decreased significantly, especially the {100} 〈011〉 texture, and the {411} 〈148〉 texture increased significantly too.The grain size decreased with the increase of the reduction rate. The texture which was not conducive to the development of secondary recrystallization increased obviously, while the favorable CSL grain boundary decreased slightly with the increase of reduction rate. Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of the coating on the noise characteristics of grainoriented silicon CHENG Xiangwei, XIE Wenliang, YANG Chao, ZhU Yechao Electrical Steel    2019, 1 (2): 29-32.   Abstract （184）      PDF（pc） （1688KB）（461）       Knowledge map    Save The main source for the transformer noise is magnetostriction of grain-oriented silicon steel.In this paper, the effects of magnesium coating and phosphate coating on magnetostriction of grain-oriented silicon steel have been studied. The results showed that magnesium coating and phosphate coating could reduce the magnetostriction of grain-oriented silicon steel. Increasing the thickness of coating could decrease the hetero domain and 90 degree domain, and improve the noise characteristics of the oriented silicon steel. Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of under layer structure on surface adhesiveness of oriented silicon steel LIU Min, HU Shoutian, LIU Ting, WU Hanzhang, DU Yuquan, SONG Gang Electrical Steel    2019, 1 (2): 33-36.   Abstract （117）      PDF（pc） （1758KB）（616）       Knowledge map    Save The effects of the underlayer structure of oriented silicon steel on adhesiveness were studied by comparing the microstructure and composition distribution of oriented silicon steel with better adhesiveness and poorer one. The results showed that the underlayer is mainly divided into phosphate insulating coating and magnesium silicate underlayer (partial magnesium silicate bottom layer is formed into the base material to form pinning), which have no obvious transition layer and fusion area. The main source of adhesive force of oriented silicon steel should be the mechanical action between the magnesium silicate underlayer and the steel base, and the adhesive force is mainly determined by the structure of the magnesium silicate underlayer. Good adhesiveness requires dense a magnesium silicate underlayer with a large pinning particles closing to the bottom layer of magnesium silicate and forming a "peninsula". The magnesiumaluminum spinel in the bottom layer should be distributed into the pinning. Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on initiation mechanism and propagation of fatigue crack in non oriented electrical steel#br# DU Liying, LIU Dong, KUANG Lanxiang, SHANG Lun, TU Yinghong Electrical Steel    2019, 1 (2): 37-41.   Abstract （143）      PDF（pc） （3561KB）（557）       Knowledge map    Save This paper takes 30WGP1600 nonoriented electrical steel as the research object and obtains the distribution characteristics of fatigue life through a large number of fatigue tests. The initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks were systematically analyzed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the fatigue crack initiation mainly occurred in the grain, grain boundary and AlN particles on the side surface or the upperlower surface of the sample. The propagation zone of fatigue cracks shows typical cleavage river pattern, and the instantaneous fracture zone shows ductile characteristics similar to single crystal.  Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on high temperature ductility of Fe-3.0 %Si nonoriented electrical steel LIU Qingsong, ZHANG Zhenhai, WANG Litao, PEI Yinghao, QI Xuan Electrical Steel    2019, 1 (2): 42-44.   Abstract （91）      PDF（pc） （1449KB）（419）       Knowledge map    Save The high temperature tensile test of high grade non-oriented electrical steel containing 3.0 % Si was carried out with Gleeble-2000D thermodynamic simulator at different temperatures. The effect of deformation temperature on deformation resistance and high temperature ductility was analyzed. The results showed that the deformation resistance at low temperature has a strong sensitivity to the deformation temperature, the tensile strength decreased rapidly from 290 MPa to 30 MPa when the deformation temperature increased from 600 ℃ to 850 ℃.The high grade non-oriented electrical steel containing 3.0 %Si has good thermoplasticity and strong crack resistance, with the shrinkage of deformation over 90 % at the temperature of 600 ℃ to 1 150 ℃, and no zone II and III brittle temperature zone. Related Articles | Metrics Select Development of nonoriented electrical steel coating and technology  progress of environmentally friendly insulation coatings ZHU Yuzhen Electrical Steel    2019, 1 (2): 45-48.   Abstract （167）      PDF（pc） （1126KB）（506）       Knowledge map    Save The development process of nonoriented electrical steel insulating coatings technology is introduced in this paper, and the hazards to environment and human body of Cr6+ in chromium coatings used in the production of nonoriented electrical steel are analyzed emphatically. The performances of environmentally friendly coating and chromiumcontaining coating solution for the nonoriented electrical steel are compared, which indicates the necessity and feasibility of promoting the application of environmentally friendly coatings at present. Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on the application of high grade non oriented silicon steel in largescale generator field GAO Zhenyu, LI Yuanhua, LIU Wenpeng , LUO Li, JIANG Fujian Electrical Steel    2019, 1 (2): 49-53.   Abstract （140）      PDF（pc） （1753KB）（587）       Knowledge map    Save The production and applying technology of highgrade nonoriented silicon steel used in generator field has been studied and analyzed, of which the results were used to improve the electromagnetic property of highgrade nonoriented silicon steel product 50AW310 made in Ansteel according to the requirements of generator design and manufacturing process. The updated product 50AW310DF has better magnetic properties, magnetization characteristics and overall qualities, which means that Ansteel has a higher technological level to produce highgrade nonoriented silicon steel, and meanwhile the developing path and direction of high-grade non-oriented silicon steel is figured out in this company. Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on hightemperature annealing tunnel furnace used in the  production of oriented silicon steel#br# LIU Pengcheng, LIU Baozhi, LI Gang, HUANG Bin, WANG Qiang, ZHANG Hao, LI Shoujun, QI Wei Electrical Steel    2019, 1 (2): 54-57.   Abstract （94）      PDF（pc） （1811KB）（520）       Knowledge map    Save This paper introduced the main equipment configuration and functions of hightemperature annealing tunnel furnace used in the production of oriented silicon steel, and analyzed its advantages in the aspects of floor area, production efficiency, energy saving, product performance consistency and investment, which provides a new type production equipment and process reference for the hightemperature annealing of oriented silicon steel in China. Related Articles | Metrics Select Calculation and analysis of strip suspension curve model in the  continuous annealing and coating line ZHANG Wei, HE Yunfei, LI Wen, WANG Feng, ZHANG Feng Electrical Steel    2019, 1 (2): 58-60.   Abstract （103）      PDF（pc） （1203KB）（425）       Knowledge map    Save In the continuous annealing and coating line for nongrain oriented silicon steel, the insulation coating should be coated on the strip surface after annealing. To ensure the quality of coating and avoid the undried coating liquid on the strip surface been destroyed, the coated strip was suspended to through into the floating furnace. This paper researched the strip between the coater and the floating furnace, and described the process of establishing the strip suspension curve in detail, calculating and analyzing four suspension curves under different working conditions, which can provide theoretical basis for reasonable arrangement of the unit. Related Articles | Metrics