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The development of Hitachi Metals’ amorphous ribbons MA Changsong Electrical Steel    2023, 5 (4): 38-.   Abstract （208）      PDF（pc） （684KB）（229）       Knowledge map    Save Hitachi Metals is the world's largest manufacturer of amorphous ribbons and renamed as Proterial in 2023. In this paper, the development of Hitachi metals’ amorphous ribbon was reviewed. The process features of single furnace production and continuous multi-furnaces production were compared. In the process of continuous multi-furnaces production, the realizable continuous casting and coiling can greatly enhance the production efficiency and yield, but require high stability of production equipment and process control. Furthermore the development of new products, new application field and new standards about amorphous ribbons were also introduced. The new production HB1M with high saturation induction and magnetic domain controlled low iron loss Fe-based amorphous alloys “MaDC-ATM”can effectively reduce the core loss. A recycling plant to handle the amorphous metal cores used in amorphous transformers was established. The recyclings are used as raw materials for amorphous ribbons to achieve low production cost and recycling of products. They also expand in other areas of application such as amorphous motor, amorphous block core for solar power generation and Ni-based amorphous brazing materials. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and prospects of grain oriented silicon steel in electric motor LU Xusheng, LI Yangyang, MA Deji, LI Zhiye, ZENG Lubin, PEI Ruilin Electrical Steel    2024, 6 (1): 23-.   Abstract （160）      PDF（pc） （1654KB）（321）       Knowledge map    Save In order to further reduce the iron loss and improve the performance of the motor, the application of grain oriented silicon steel instead of nonoriented silicon steel to motors has become a new research field. This paper introduced the technical development of grain oriented silicon steel applied to motors, summaried the influence of each technology on motor performance, analyzed the problems existing in the application of oriented silicon steel motor and its future development trend. It provides reference for the development direction of high efficiency, high power density and low loss in China’s motor industry. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the development trend of thin gauge and very-thin/ultra-thin gauge electrical steel#br# CHEN Zhuo Electrical Steel    2024, 6 (1): 46-.   Abstract （151）      PDF（pc） （661KB）（334）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, the rapid development of the global new energy vehicle market, coupled with the rapid advancement of self-adhesive coating technology, has led to an increasing demand for thin gauge electrical steel. This is especially true for the high-end electric motor market, such as high-speed motors and micro motors, where the rapid progress in self-adhesive coating technology has greatly driven the demand for very-thin/ultra-thin gauge electrical steel. Currently, many electric motor manufacturers for new energy vehicles are seeking to purchase self-adhesive coated electrical steel. Numerous electrical steel companies, research institutions, coating companies, and core manufacturers are actively developing self-adhesive coating and die-cutting techniques. From this, we can observe a trend in the development of thin gauge and very-thin/ultra-thin gauge electrical steel.This article focused on elaborating on thin gauge and very-thin/ultra-thin gauge electrical steel, their current production status, development, and demand trends.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Performance analysis of non-oriented silicon steel for motor of new energy vehicle HU Mingrui, ZHU Yingjie, ZHAO Yijun, WANG Fangqiu, SHEN Xiao, FANG Feng Electrical Steel    2023, 5 (3): 28-33.   Abstract （140）      PDF（pc） （1947KB）（259）       Knowledge map    Save In this paper, ANSYS Maxwell and ANSYS Workbench software were used to simulate the performance of magnetic and mechanical properties of WISCO DW series non-oriented silicon steel. The electromagnetic simulation results showed that the high frequency core loss of  0.35  mm silicon steel sheet was  48.9 %  lower than  0.50  mm silicon steel, and the average efficiency of the motor could be improved by  0.8 % . It indicated that the use of thin gauge silicon steel could significantly reduce the core loss and improve the motor efficiency, while the silicon steel sheet with same thickness had little effect on the motor efficiency. The mechanical simulation results showed that the maximum stress of rotors with different thicknesses silicon steel concentrated on the magnetic bridge area of rotor and increased significantly with the speed. When the speed was greater than  12 000  r/min, the maximum stress was generally proportional to the speed by power  2.06 . At the same time, when the width of the magnetic bridge was less than  1.6  mm, the maximum stress value increased significantly with width gradually decreasing. To sum up, the use of thin gauge, high strength non oriented silicon steel can meet the development requirements of high efficiency and high speed of motors of new energy vehicle. This study can provide certain guidance for the research and development of non oriented silicon steel for new energy driving motor and the optimization design of motor structure. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the principle of double shear adjusting mechanism of TMEIC laser welding machine#br# XIA Huan, LIU Sheng Electrical Steel    2023, 5 (4): 49-.   Abstract （138）      PDF（pc） （1114KB）（165）       Knowledge map    Save The structure and the principle of the blade gap adjustment mechanism of TMEIC laser welder were analyzed, and the methods to improve the double shear’s cutting quality were studied. The results showed that the straightness of the cutting section and the blade gap adjustment were the key factors to improve the double shear’s cutting quality. The breakage rate of weld joint can be reduced by improving the shearing accuracy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on annealing of triangular amorphous solid coil iron core HUANG Yongliang Electrical Steel    2023, 5 (5): 52-.   Abstract （134）      PDF（pc） （848KB）（231）       Knowledge map    Save The annealing process technology of triangular amorphous three-dimensional coil iron core directly affects the product performance of the amorphous three-dimensional coil iron core. Improper annealing process will lead to the scrapping of the entire batch of iron cores, causing significant economic losses. The annealing processes of triangular amorphous three-dimensional coil iron cores were analyzed comprehensively in this paper, combining with material inspection and control, which achieve stable mass production of triangular amorphous three-dimensional coil iron cores. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison between amorphous alloy solid core dry transformer and silicon steel solid core dry transformer#br# ZHANG Xueming Electrical Steel    2023, 5 (4): 43-.   Abstract （130）      PDF（pc） （1309KB）（192）       Knowledge map    Save The overview, differences, market supply and demand of amorphous alloy threedimensional coil core dry-type transformers and silicon steel three-dimensional coil core dry-type transformers were introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of these transformers were analyzed. At present, the procurement of transformers for State Grid and Southern Grid presents a structure mainly consisting of silicon steel transformers and supplemented by amorphous alloy transformers. The current development mode is to form complementary advantages and mutual cooperation between amorphous alloy three-dimensional coil core dry-type transformers and silicon steel three-dimensional coil core dry-type transformers. Related Articles | Metrics

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Causes and production improvement of black line defects on cold rolled non-oriented silicon steel LIANG Yuan, HU Zhiwei, JIANG Xianxun, ZHAO Yu, WANG Changbo Electrical Steel    2023, 5 (3): 20-23.   Abstract （130）      PDF（pc） （571KB）（241）       Knowledge map    Save The magnetic properties of the middle grade nonoriented silicon steel of  1.3 %-2.0 %  Si were improved under the same testing standard when the coiling temperature increased from  630 ℃  to  720 ℃ , but the black line defect were appeared on the steel’s surface after rolling.The main reason for this was that the increase of coiling temperature changed the structure of the strip surface, and too much residual iron oxide was appeared on the surface of the strip after pickling, which caused the black line defects on the surface of the strip after cold rolling.The practice proved that the black line defects on the rolled surface could be eliminated by means of rewinding and secondary pickling, which could improve the magnetic properties and ensure the surface quality. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on microstructure and texture evolution of grain-oriented silicon steel LIU Xuming, ZHANG Haili, WANG Yitong, GUO Han, GENG Zhiyu, ZHAO Yang, JIANG Qiwu Electrical Steel    2023, 5 (4): 14-.   Abstract （129）      PDF（pc） （2876KB）（222）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the experience of developing HiB grain-oriented silicon steel with thickness of 0.27 mm in Ansteel, the changes and evolutions of microstructures and textures in hot rolling, normalizing, cold rolling, decarburizing annealing and high temperature annealing processes were studied in this paper. The results showed that the surface layer structures of the hot rolled plate were recrystallized structures, and the central layer structures were incomplete recrystallized banded structures. Recrystallization of the grain-orientated silicon steel and the growth of the recrystallized structures were occurred after normalization. And after cold rolling and decarburization annealing, the structures of the grain-orientated silicon steel transformed into equiaxed ferrite grains. The surface layer grain of the hot rolled plate was {110}〈001〉 Goss grain, which was strengthened in situ after normalization. After cold rolling, the Goss textures were changed to {111}〈112〉 textures and some of them were remained in the shear zone of deformation, which then grew up to the textures with Goss textures as the main texture components during secondary recrystallization. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cause analysis and process improvement of cold-rolled broken strip of silicon steel#br# SHU Zeteng, HUA Xiaojie, BAI Lu, YAO Xinyu, YE Qin, DONG Xiangyun, YAN Chengliang Electrical Steel    2024, 6 (2): 17-.   Abstract （129）      PDF（pc） （2795KB）（234）       Knowledge map    Save The cause of cold-rolled broken strip of silicon steel was analyzed, so as to further improve the preparation process of silicon steel and reduce the probability of cold-rolled broken strip. The experimental results showed that the contents of brittle inclusions such as AlN and Al2O3 in the fractured part and unfractured part of cold-rolled broken strip are respectively 26.03 % and 29.65 % higher than those of the qualified samples, while the contents of plastic inclusions such as sulfides and complex nitrogen sulfides are 64.75 % and 56.14 % lower than those of the qualified samples. During the rolling process, brittle inclusions will form gaps around them, and these cracks will form cracks, forming long cracks under the action of rolling force, and eventually causing band breakage.In order to reduce the belt breakage, 0.03 %~0.05 % Sn element can be added to reduce the proportion of brittle inclusions in the inclusions, and meanwhile extend the duration of the argon blowing station during 2~3 min smelting, which can make the inclusions evenly distributed, and prevent the accumulation of brittle inclusions, and ultimately reduce the probability of cold-rolled broken strip. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of high-temperature annealing process  for grain-oriented silicon steel#br# PENG Xiaoqian, FAN Gangqiang, TAN Jianfen, YANG Qun, LIU Qi Electrical Steel    2024, 6 (2): 1-.   Abstract （128）      PDF（pc） （2013KB）（333）       Knowledge map    Save High-temperature annealing is a crucial process in the production of cold-rolled grain-oriented silicon steel, and extensive research has been conducted by practitioners over several decades, leading to significant advancements. The high-temperature annealing equipment, process, and microstructure growth mechanism of grain-oriented silicon steel were summarized based on the characteristics of the process and existing domestic and foreign researches. Furthermore, potential directions for future research in the high-temperature annealing process were proposed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Patent analysis of non-oriented electrical steel for new energy vehicles of JFE LI Huimin, CHEN Yan, ZHANG Jing, WANG Ying Electrical Steel    2023, 5 (6): 48-53.   Abstract （120）      PDF（pc） （780KB）（188）       Knowledge map    Save According to the current development status of new energy vehicles and the required characteristics of driving motors and electrical steels for new energy vehicles, the patents applied by JFE in the field of non-oriented electrical steel for new energy vehicles in recent five years were analyzed and studied, including the patent application characteristics and core patent analysis, to reveal its patent technical categories and technical effects. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the effects and control of ladle slag carryover in continuous casting TANG Zhongdui, YUAN Gang, KONG Yongjiang, CHEN Dazhong Electrical Steel    2023, 5 (3): 34-38.   Abstract （120）      PDF（pc） （1190KB）（168）       Knowledge map    Save Through the change of total oxygen content in the tundish during the ladle exchange moment and the composition analysis of slag in tundish, meanwhile combining with the effects of ladle slag carry-over in continuous casting and the defects of slab, the influence of ladle slag carryover in continuous casting was obtained. The results showed that ladle slag carry-over deteriorated the liquid steel castability, causing the blocking of SEN and the oxidation of alloy element and reducing the molten steel purity. In severe cases, it might cause serious results such as corrosion of SEN, solidified crust of tundish slag and so on. According to the characteristics of steel quality requirements, the development of differential ladle slag control process can effectively balance the product quality and the production costs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the development of grainoriented silicon steel in  China's private enterprises SUN Zhu, LIU Hua Electrical Steel    2023, 5 (3): 45-49.   Abstract （120）      PDF（pc） （775KB）（228）       Knowledge map    Save The market scale,production and patent applications of grainoriented silicon steel of private enterprises in China in the past 10 years were researched. The results showed that the last decade was an important stage for the rapid development of  grainoriented silicon steel in  China's private enterprises. Great progresses of  grain-oriented silicon steel in these enterprises have been made in terms of production capacity, output and even the development of high-end products and the number of patents about grain-oriented silicon steel in these enterprises has increased year by year. But it could be found that the number and proportion of invention patents were still low, and the patents' quality was not high.The applicant with the largest number of patents was Baotou Weifeng New Materials Co., Ltd.. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of cleaning quality on primary grain of grain oriented silicon steel CHENG Difu, CHENG Xiangwei, ZENG Jian, WANG Xiongkui, ZHAO Shengli, JIANG Jie, YANG Chao, JIN Li Electrical Steel    2023, 5 (3): 24-27.   Abstract （111）      PDF（pc） （1212KB）（210）       Knowledge map    Save The effects of different cleaning processes on cleaning quality of grain oriented silicon steel were studied. Different cleaning quality corresponded to different primary grain size and magnetic properties of final products. The results showed that the cleaning quality of steel plate surface was improved with the increase of cleaning solution concentration , cleaning temperature and cleaning time. The difference of cleaning quality would lead to the change of the primary grain uniformity of the steel plate. The primary grain of steel strip with better cleaning quality was even and the magnetic properties of the final products was good. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the effects of different normalization cooling processes on grain-oriented silicon steel#br# SHI Chao, SONG Cheng, XIANG Li, LI Jianjun Electrical Steel    2024, 6 (1): 15-.   Abstract （111）      PDF（pc） （4650KB）（250）       Knowledge map    Save The effects of three common cooling rates, namely air cooling, a cooling rate of  40  ℃/s, and water cooling, on the hot-rolled plate of a grain-oriented silicon steel were studied from the differences of microstructure, texture, and precipitate phases. As the normalizing cooling rate increased, the number of grains on the normalized plate surface increased, while the grain size gradually decreased. This would promote the transformation of austenite phases in the steel into metastable phases. After normalization, there was no significant change in the texture of the hot-rolled plate; all experimental steels exhibited a strong  α fiber texture, a weak γ fiber texture, and a weak Goss texture along the plate thickness direction. In addition, the size and volume fraction of precipitate phases in the plate decreased as the cooling rate increased. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of annealing process on microstructure and texture of non-oriented silicon steel YIN Ping, JIANG Peng, BAI Xiaolu, WANG Haijun Electrical Steel    2023, 5 (5): 21-.   Abstract （110）      PDF（pc） （1447KB）（190）       Knowledge map    Save Annealing is one of the key processes in heat treatment processes of non-oriented silicon steels. Some processing parameters of annealing, such as heating rate, annealing temperature, holding time, protective atmosphere and cooling rate, can be varied to affect the formation and evolution of non-oriented silicon steels’ microstructure, texture and precipitated phase. Therefore, reasonable annealing process is very important to influence the properties of non-oriented silicon steels. Previous researches on annealing process of non-oriented silicon steels were summarized and analyzed in this paper, concerning the influences of heating rate, annealing temperature and holding time to non-oriented silicon steels’ microstructure, texture and magnetic properties, which were aimed to support references to the manufacturing of high-quality non-oriented silicon steel. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on core loss reducing rate of grain oriented silicon steel by laser scribing WANG Xiaoda, JIA Zhiwei, ZHANG Haili, YOU Qinglei, JIANG Qiwu Electrical Steel    2023, 5 (3): 8-14.   Abstract （109）      PDF（pc） （2223KB）（239）       Knowledge map    Save Based on research of 0.27 mm gauge high magnetic induction grain oriented silicon steel, the influence of the laser scribing power, scribing frequency, scribing speed and scribing spacing on the core loss reduction and magnetic domain structure of grain oriented silicon steel were studied in this paper. It was showed that there were differences in the morphology and domain structure of the scribing lines in different processes. The scribing lines showed light morphology and the magnetic domains were inhomogeneous and scattered at low power, high frequency and high speed.The results showed that the maximum iron loss reducing rate reached 9.47 % under the parameters of 30 % scribing power, 50 kHz scribing frequency, 500 mm/s scribing speed and 5 mm scribing space. Besides that, under the interaction of laser scribing parameters, the iron loss reducing rate increased significantly with the increase of laser energy density, and the damage to the stress coating of grain oriented silicon steel aggravated with the increasing of energy density, which was not conducive to the magnetic domain refinement and the increase of iron loss reduction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on anisotropy of non-oriented silicon steel 50W470 XU Wenxiang, LU Tianlin, CHENG Guoqing, QI Xuan, LIU Qingsong, PEI Yinghao, SHI Lifa Electrical Steel    2023, 5 (6): 32-36.   Abstract （109）      PDF（pc） （1332KB）（197）       Knowledge map    Save The electromagnetic properties and mechanical properties of non-oriented silicon steel 50W470 at different angles of deviation from rolling direction were tested and analyzed, and the theoretical model of magnetocrystalline anisotropy was calculated and analyzed. The results showed that the direction deviating from the rolling direction of 0° has the best electromagnetic performance, which is the easiest magnetized direction and has the lowest mechanical strength.The direction deviating from the rolling direction of 50°~60° has the worst magnetic properties, which is the most difficult magnetized direction and has the highest mechanical strength.There are significant differences in texture distribution and strength at various angles deviating from the rolling direction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on secondary recrystallization of high magnetic oriented silicon steel FAN Lifeng, Fu Yujie, YUE Erbin, HU Wenhao, QIU Shaojun, JIN Jinwen, WANG Debin, OUYANG Wei, ZHANG Borui, WEI Ze Electrical Steel    2023, 5 (6): 14-18.   Abstract （106）      PDF（pc） （6535KB）（180）       Knowledge map    Save The microscopic structures and crystal textures of a high magnetic oriented silicon steel were analyzed by OM and XRD.The results showed that:the temperature interval of secondary recrystallization of high magnetic oriented silicon steel is between 1 015 ℃ and 1 030 ℃;the first recrystallized grains grew slowly before the Goss grain grows abnormally，and the initial grain size at 1 010 ℃ is 25.9 μm;the primary grain texture is concentrated at {113}，and the abnormally grown grains are accurate Goss orientation grains. Related Articles | Metrics