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    Steelmaking 2009 Vol.25
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    Trial on production ofGCr15 steel by converter-rectangular bloom caster route
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (01): 1-3,37.  
    Abstract592)            Save
    The steel grade GCr15 has been produced by converter→secondary refining (LF+RH) →rectangular bloom caster process in Bengang Steel-making Works. All the chemical elements of GCr15 steel have reached the standard prescribed by Bengang and its harmful elements such as [Ti]=25×10-6,[Ca]=2×10-6,[O]=8×10-6,[N]=38×10-6,[H]=0.8×10-6 , preceded the demand of GB/T18254-2002 standard, and even reached the demand of Sweden SKF standard(SKF D33).
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    Cited: Baidu(1)
    Study and application of calcium treatment for cold heading steel
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (01): 4-7,46.  
    Abstract639)            Save
    The present paper describes the appropriate process parameters the No. 1 Steel-making Plant of WISCO finds out in the process of calcium treatment with Ca-Fe clad wire through a series of metallurgical experiments on Ca treatment in the laboratory . Very consistent Ca yield has been achieved and the problem of nozzle clogging in the process of continuous casting in refining the low silicon(≤0.04%) cold heading steel basically solved since application of the optimized Ca-treatment process parameters in the practical production.
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    Cited: Baidu(5)
    Exploitation and trial-manufacture of DH36high strength hull plate in Tiangang
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (01): 8-10,1.  
    Abstract627)            Save
    This paper makes a brief introduction to the practice on exploitation and trial-manufacture of DH36 high strength hull plate in Tianjin Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. The DH36 high strength hull plate has been manufactured by means of proper design on chemical compositions and strict control of the steelmaking and rolling processes, and as the results the certification of CCS has been successfully passed
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    Smelting Technology of High Purity Iron for Secondary Hardening Steel
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (01): 11-13.  
    Abstract1278)            Save
    The smelting technology of high purity iron used for secondary hardening steels is introduced in this paper. The controlling methods during the smelting process of the high purity iron, with ultra-low phosphorus, low sulphur, low silicon, low manganese, low aluminum and low titanium, are also represented.
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    Production practice on casting the round tube blank of steel 20 with round tube blank continuous caster
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (01): 14-16.  
    Abstract657)            Save
    The technical problems such as internal crack of round tube blank, tundish nozzle clogging and mould breakout have been solved in the continuous casting production of steel20,and high quality round tube blanks successfully produced with continuous caster by improvement and optimization of the refining and casting processes for steel 20。
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    Process practice for production of ultra-low carbon steel by RH-MFB route
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (01): 17-20.  
    Abstract747)            Save
    The RH decarburization theory has been analyzed on the basis of RH decarburization static model. The overall results indicate that the practical decarburization level in Liangang´s RH needs to be further improved. Analysis on the main factors influencing the RH decarburization rate indicates that in order to obtain the optimal decarburization result it’s imperative to eliminate the pressure drop platform and maintain the whole processing vacuum degree below 400 Pa for more than 16min in the process of RH treatment and moreover, flow rate of argon should be controlled at 80~100Nm3/h in first 3~4 minutes after molten steel circulation starts and as soon as the vacuum degree reaches 8kPa (around 3 minutes),which is supposed to be the best juncture for blowing oxygen the height of oxygen lance should be maintained at 250-400cm and the oxygen flow rate be controlled at 1 200-1 600 m3/h. Practical results show that by application of these optimized measures the carbon content in liquid steel after treatment is steadily reduced to below 0.003%.
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    study and production practice of Q345E steel for driven well floor structure
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (01): 21-23,2.  
    Abstract638)            Save
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    Improvement in hit rate of chemical compositions by systematically controllingthe steel-making process
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (01): 24-27.  
    Abstract1312)            Save
    The reasons for low hit rate of chemical compositions are investigated systematically. In order to raise the hit rate of the chemical compositions of the hot metal and ensure smooth production of thin slab continuous casting the system control technology as well as a series of advanced technologies have been applied in the hot metal pretreatment, converter refining and LF process. Results show that prominent efficiencies such as quality improvement, consumption reduction and productivity increase have already been achieved.
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    Study and practice on optimization of the flow control device of continuous casting tundish
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (01): 28-32.  
    Abstract1487)            Save
    The flow field behavior of tundish with multi-hole dam in the No.7 billet caster of KISC is researched by hydraulic simulation experiment. Results show that the flow characteristics of every flow in tundish tend to be similar, the initial response time and average residence time of fluid increase, the volume of dead zone decreases and the metallurgical effect of tundish is improved obviously by setting up the multi-hole dam. The design plan of the No.3 multi-hole dam is assumed to be the preferred one. Since application of the experimental results into production the quality of billet has been improved clearly and the non-metallic inclusions of TS800U billet decreased from 52% to 3.5%.
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    Cited: Baidu(12)
    A new algorithm of endpoint carbon content of BOF based on of off-gas analysis
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (01): 33-37.  
    Abstract643)            Save
    Various algorithms of controlling the endpoint carbon content of BOF were studied on the basis of off-gas analysis. A new algorithm was suggested by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of exponential decay models provided by Meyer H. W. and Uemura T. The principle of this algorithm is to standardize decarburization oxygen efficiency divided by the maximum decarburization oxygen efficiency of this heat, take advantage of the information of the reference decarburization curve, and carry out the multipoint calibration for the bath carbon content of this heat. The off-line simulation results for low carbon steel show that this algorithm has good suitability and will play an importance role in improving the control accuracy and hitting rate of the endpoint carbon content in BOF steelmaking practice.
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    Cited: Baidu(12)
    Sub-lance control-based predication model for BOF end-point
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (01): 38-40.  
    Abstract610)            Save
    The predication models on the end-point carbon content, temperature, phosphorus content and manganese content have been built up respectively by the decarburization index equation, the thermal equilibrium and the thermo-dynamical equation at the end-point of the converter oxygen blow process. When the error of end-point carbon content is ±0.015%, the predicting accuracy of the decarburization model arrives at above 87.6%; when the end-point carbon content of BOF is 0.03% the rate of the error of end-point temperature below 10℃ is 85.4%; When the error of end-point carbon and temperature is Δw(Mn)=±0.02% and Δw(P)=±0.003%, the predicting accuracies of the decarburization model are 87.0% and 81.2% respectively. The highly precise predication model has realized the simultaneous predication on the end-point carbon content , temperature , w(Mn ) and w(P ), and it provides a good foundation for improving the hit rate of end-point control of the BOF, reducing the number of reblow and carrying out direct tapping.
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    Cited: Baidu(8)
    Study on the characteristics of critical gas flowrate forthe entrapment of slag in gas-stirred ladles
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (01): 41-46.  
    Abstract663)            Save
    Analogies of water to hot metal and oil to liquid slag have been performed in a water model to investigate the critical gas flow rate for the slag entrapment in a bottom blow ladle. The results indicate that the critical gas flow rate for the slag entrapment decreases with increase of the oil depth and increase with increase of the oil viscosity. The validity and accuracy of use of the critical flow rate as the criterion of slag entrapment have been verified. By the way of analyzing the velocity distribution and energy balance in the metal-slag interface the dimensionless expression is derived as , which has be applied to calculation of the critical flow rate for slag entrapment in an actual gas stirred working ladle. On the basis of influencing factor analysis it is suggested that the gas flow rate should be held at less than 240L/min during inclusion removal operations in 110t ladle.
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    Cited: Baidu(4)
    Optimization of the secondary cooling system in a round billet continuous caster
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (01): 47-50.  
    Abstract681)            Save
    Internal crack has become a main quality problem in round billet which reduces the economical benefits greatly. This paper describes an investigation on the formation mechanism of internal crack in a round billet using measurement and numerical simulation to model the solidification process by building a thermo-mechanical coupling model. This FEM model has been validated by comparing the results including the surface temperature and the solidified shell thickness of round billet with experiment data. The strain and stress during the solidification process are also discussed. The reason of the internal crack is that the strain at the front edge of solidification exceeds the critical strain. Optimum process parameters of the secondary cooling system are also suggested by analyzing the influences of these parameters on the solidification process.
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    Study on the effect of dynamic soft reduction on the centerline segregation of continuously casting pipeline steel slab
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (01): 51-54.  
    Abstract708)            Save
    This paper introduces the effect of different position of dynamic soft reduction on the inner quality of continuously casting slab. By etching the testing sample of the slab and checking and examining the dendrites over the cross section of the slab sample as well as analyzing the chemical compositions of the sample along the gauge direction it’s found out that the effect of dynamic soft reduction on the improvement in the central line segregation of the slab is extremely prominent. Results of the dendrite examination show that the central line segregation grades of all five testing samples of the slab for X70 pipeline steel are below BO.5 and both the internal crack grade and crack grade over the triangular zone are less than 0.5. Although the positions of the dynamic soft reduction for the five testing slabs are different, yet the internal quality of all the slabs are excellent and they are all in conformity with the inner control standards. In the meanwhile by calculating the segregation ratio of the elements along the gauge direction according to the analysis of the chemical compositions of the sample it’s found that the more desirable position of the dynamic soft reduction for the pipe line slab should be 。
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    Cited: Baidu(8)
    A slab surface temperature prediction moder base on least square support vector machine
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (01): 55-59.  
    Abstract662)            Save
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    Effect of Ce on mechanical properties of 5CrNiMo die steel
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (01): 60-62.  
    Abstract1303)            Save
    The alteration of the strength, plasticity and elastic ratio of 5CrNiMo die steel with four different additions of RE Ce is studied. The low cyclic fatigue life of 5CrNiMo die steel is calculated by studies on the changes of strength, plasticity and elasticity modulus after addition of different amount of the rare earth Ce into the die steel 5CrNiMo.The results show that strength and plasticity are improved greatly if the amount of addition of RE Ce is proper. And when the addition of RE Ce is controlled within the limit of 0.20% the strength and plasticity of the 5CrNiMo steel are maximized. Compared with the 5CrNiMo steel without RE Ce under the same rapture recurrent number the scope of the overall strain rises by 61.2%.
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    Cited: Baidu(1)
    Operating practice of the tapping hole construction of300 t converter in Baosteel
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (01): 63-65.  
    Abstract622)            Save
    The tapping hole is the important part of a converter. The repairing cycle of its inner lining is closely related with an enterprise's economic efficiency. This article elaborates the factors affecting the campaign life of the tapping hole of a converter. By improvement in the refractory materials as well as the working process of the tapping hole not only the overall campaign life of the inner lining of the tapping hole is extended, but also the production cost is reduced and more convenient for the construction.
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    development of mold flux for IF steel
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (01): 66-69,7.  
    Abstract1494)            Save
    In light of the actual conditions of IF steel continuous casting in Panzhihua Iron and steel Company (PZHISC), an ingredient of the mold powder is designed and developed through the research upon effect of the basic materials and fluxes on the melt properties of mold powder as well as studies on the mode of preparation of the melting speed control materials. Industrial experiment has shown that the newly developed prefused mold powder can meet the demand of IF steel casting process in PZHISC, and it shows excellent properties such as a good melting behavior in mold and high rate of free of slab surface conditioning (98.5%) and less carbon pick-up (carbon pick-up in strand is controlled within the limit of about 2×10-6).
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    Development of new technologies and materials adopted in converter equipment
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (01): 70-72.  
    Abstract584)            Save
    The present paper introduces development of the new materials and technologies adopted in the 180t top-bottom combined blown converter mainly including application of the unique cooling technology for the furnace cone, maintenance-free link rod suspension system, new multi-pipe plug and high temperature and creep-resistant materials.
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    Progress of research on inclusion induced surface defect of cold rolled plate
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (01): 73-77.  
    Abstract656)            Save
    The demand for quality of the cold rolled plates is more and more stringent with development of electrical appliances and automobile industry. The surface defect caused by inclusion is one of the most common defects of cold rolled plate, which seriously affects the outward appearance of cold rolled plate and its the operational performance. In this paper, Sliver defect, cavity, and scar/pit, those three commonly encountered surface defects induced by inclusion are discussed and their characteristics and origin described, and the way to check them put forward.
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    Control technology of surface quality of 360mm×450mm CC bloom
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (02): 1-3,28.  
    Abstract638)            Save
    In view of defects of the surface pit and longitudinal crack on 360 mm×450 mm continuously cast blooms, the cooling scheme employed in the continuous bloom caster has been optimized. Production application shows that the surface quality of the bloom has been prominently improved ,for instance ,the defect rate of the bloom surface pit has been reduced to 0.14 %,from original 37.13% and the defect ratio of surface longitudinal crack of the bloom lowed down to 0.30 % from 53.52 % and therefore the technological requirements of the hot delivering and hot charging of the CC bloom can be satisfied.
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    Causes analysis and countermeasures on rhombic deformation of casting billet in Chongqing Steel
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (02): 4-7.  
    Abstract589)            Save
    Reasons for rhombic deformation of continuous casting billet in Chongqing Iron and Steel Co.Ltd. are analyzed in this paper. The main factors causing the rhombic are found to be firstly the unmatching of the mould condition with the steel grade and the casting speed and at the same time the primary cooling and secondary cooling are not performed uniformly .Very good effects have been achieved since adoption of the optimized measures.
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    Cited: Baidu(2)
    Productive Practice of X65 pipeline steel
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (02): 8-11.  
    Abstract1384)            Save
    The present paper discourse upon the productive features of X65 pipeline steel produced by the 150 ton converter - 3500mm Steckel mill in Anyang Iron and steel Co. Ltd., such as composition designing, technological process flow, metallurgical structure and performances and so on and results show that the properties of X65 pipeline steel produced by adoption of the low cost composition system bearing lower carbon-manganese-niobium and molybdenum free as well as by implementation of the inclusion control technology and the TMCP process are excellent and they are basically in conformity with the standard requirements of the X70 pipeline steel.
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    Analysis on breakout of bloom continuous caster and countermeasures
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (02): 12-15.  
    Abstract657)            Save
    The statistics of breakout of the bloom continuous caster in No.1 steelmaking plant of WISCO in 2006 have been made and the main characteristics and mechanism of sticking breakout and longitudinal corner crack induced breakout analyzed. The main causes to the above mentioned breakouts are found to be such a few factors as the performance of mold powder, accuracy of mold, extent of hot metal overheat, casting speed, and alignment of the submerged entry nozzle with the mold and etc, and thereupon certain countermeasures have been taken up. As the results, the breakout rate of caster is decreased remarkably.
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    Cited: Baidu(9)
    Low carbon steel production with BOF slag-remaining practice
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (02): 16-18.  
    Abstract658)            Save
    A few problems occur such as slopping in the process of hot metal charging,difficulty of igniting the steel bath at the initial blow, frequent slopping and slag accumulation on the converter bottom during the whole process of oxygen blowing when the slag-remaining practice is adopted in making low carbon and ultra low carbon steels at the120t combined blown converter in Masteel. To solve those problems technological measures have been taken and effective results achieved accordingly.
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    Cited: Baidu(6)
    Analysis and control on the cause of tundish’s nozzle clogging in casting ML35 steel
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (02): 19-21,3.  
    Abstract627)            Save
    The cause of tundish nozzle clogging in casting KISC ML35 steel has been investigated and analyzed by X ray diffraction in connection with process analysis. The results show that the main cause of the clogging is inadequacy of Ca-treatment. Accroding to the investigation the process is optimized. As the result tundish nozzle clogging has been eliminated and the average heats of continuous casting increased from 8 heats/batch to 23 heats/batch and casting process stabilized thereupon.
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    Study and control practice of Als in GCr15 bearing steel strip
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (02): 22-25.  
    Abstract601)            Save
    The characteristics of press forming type GCr15 bearing steel strip are described in this paper. The necessity and advantage of deoxidization with aluminum for producing this type bearing steel are put forward. The actual effects of feeding aluminum in different melting stages are practised and the influence of slag basicity on the aluminum feeding process and final Als content in steel is discussed in this paper.
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    Cited: Baidu(3)
    Practice of dehydrogenation process of VD furnace for high quality forged steel
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (02): 26-28.  
    Abstract882)            Save
    Hydrogen embrittlement and flake are common defects of high quality forged steel, which make mechanical performance of steel decrease seriously and even cause rejection of the steel. Minimization of hydrogen content in molten steel by adopting vacuum treatment in a VD furnace is an effective way to reduce the defect stated above. Dehydrogenation process of VD has been studied in this paper. Based on the analysis of effect of various factors on the dehydrogenation good results have been achieved by taking proper process parameters.
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    Cited: Baidu(2)
    Development and application of the real-time tracking & dynamiccontrol model for slab continuous casting
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (02): 29-32.  
    Abstract1405)            Save
    On the basis of the slab continuous casting solidification heat transfer model for calculation on the solidification of the coupling multi-element dual phase zone the real-time tracking & dynamic control model for slab continuous casting ( CCPS ONLINE) has been developed by use of the method of slice element in a mode of the discrete grids in constant interval. The model can be applied to adjust the key process parameters of slab continuous casting procedure (secondary cooling water amount, segment roll gap) dynamically according to the reasonable metallurgical rules and the online tracking information of as-cast slab, so as to obtain steady & reliant casting process conditions and good slab quality. The model has been put into industrial practice successfully. The results of the on-site production and the relevant tests show that the model has high reliance and strong practicability due to the reasonable control arithmetic and the good simulation precision. It can be widely used in the slab continuous casting industry.
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    Analysis on temperature field of submerged entry nozzle during preheating
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (02): 33-36.  
    Abstract1475)            Save
    The present paper analyzes the effects of factors such as the preheating device and preheating method on the preheating of the submerged entry nozzle and studies the transient heat transfer process in preheating the submerged entry nozzle using the finite element technique and acquires the distribution of the temperature field and the temperature of the key points of the nozzle after preheating of the nozzle. Results indicate that the preheating temperature of the nozzle neck can be increased by adopting the smaller size of preheating device, placing the fan system in a higher position, enlarging the evacuating flux and opening the plug after preheating the tundish for 30 minutes.
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    Optimization of flow field in slab mold of Liuzhou Steel
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (02): 37-40,4.  
    Abstract1461)            Save
    In accordance with the production condition of slab CCM in Liuzhou Steel’s steelmaking plant, applying the water model physical simulation, the effects of SEN outlet shape, outlet angle, immersion depth and pulling rate on the fluid flow in mold have been studied by measuring the wave amplitude and impact depth. The characteristics of the flow field in the mold and the flow rate of hot metal over the liquid level have also been studied by using numerical simulation. The results indicate that the reasonable flow field of mold could be obtained both at middle and high pulling rate when the outlet of SEN is made in ellipse shape with 18°of the outlet angle and 160 mm of the immersion depth. Breakout rate of the continuous caster has been cut down by 43.1%, and the conditioning rate of slab surface decreased by 44.9% since application of the new SEN in the production. The metallurgical effects are obvious.
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    Cited: Baidu(1)
    Research on structural optimization of four-strand round billet tundish
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (02): 41-44.  
    Abstract570)            Save
    In order to purify the liquid steel and raise the floating rate of the inclusions in the tundish the flow field and removal of non-metallic inclusions in a four-strand tundish under different weirs have been studied by water model experiments. The results show that a big difference in flow characteristics exists between two outlets at the same side of the tundish controlled by the present weir. Compared to the inside outlet, the outside outlet has longer minimum residence time and peak concentration time and larger dead volume fraction. So the present weir can not meet the technical requirements for inclusion floatation and temperature homogenization. The improved weir can satisfactorily settle the flow synchronism between outlets. The dead volume fraction is decreased by 6.65% and the removal effect for inclusions increases. The industrial test shows that the improved weir is better than the original one in reducing total oxygen and inclusions..
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    Cited: Baidu(2)
    Analysis on degree of continuation of thin slab
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (02): 45-47,6.  
    Abstract636)            Save
    In this paper, the concept of continuation degree is introduced into the thin slab casting and rolling process, and the continuation degree of the thin slab casting and rolling in Steel Company Z, T, and M is calculated respectively. The calculating express of the optimized continuous degree is proposed and the factor affecting the continuous degree analyzed.
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    Simulation study on optimization of flow control device for a single-strand tundish in slab continuous casting
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (02): 48-51,7.  
    Abstract594)            Save
    The fluid flow in the tundish of stainless steel slab casting has been studied by water model experiment and numerical simulation. The results show that severe problem existed in the flow field of the original tundish; and short circuit phenomenon was obviously in existance and the ratio of the dead zone was relatively larger and thus the homogenization of the hot metal was not so acceptable; and by orthogonal optimization tests an optimal scheme of the dam and weir combination is drawn up and the flow field of the tundish is improved; and by application of the optimized plan in which the gas bubbling curtain is used in place of the original weir the flow field of the tundish is further improved. On the basis of the water model experiments and numerical simulation calculation and in combination of the actual conditions of the Steel Plant it’s strongly recommended the technology of the gas bubbling curtain should be be utilized in lieu of the original weir in the single strand continuous casting tundish and the optimal process parameters of the gas bubbling curtain of the tundish for the stainless steel continuous caster in Taigang be chosen as follows: the wall is positioned 1150mm away from the original weir and the bottom gas blow rate controlled within the limit of about 120 L/min.
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    Cited: Baidu(17)
    Investigation in morphology and composition of inclusions in wire rod for Steel cord
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (02): 52-55.  
    Abstract1465)            Save
    By way of comparative analysis on the morphology and composition of inclusions in wire rod produced by five different steel factories at home and abroad,a difference was found out on the control level of morphology and composition of inclusions between domestic and foreign steel factories,especially on the two aspects of plasticity and size of inclusions. At the meantime, the comparison about the contents of T[O], [N] and [Al]s in wire rod was performed, and the results show that the foreign steel factories have a better control effect than domestic ones.
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    Study on self-adapting control system for large electrode arc furnace of Steelworks
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (02): 56-58.  
    Abstract642)            Save
    In light of the characteristics of non-linearity,heavy lag behind,strong coupling, time change, heavy working environmental interference as well as stochastic disturbance and according to the self-adapting control theory the control device with PLC as its core element is used to realize the automatic and accurate control on the lift-up and fall-down of the electrode of electric arc furnace. As the results the arc breaking、short circult and oscillation are reduced effectively; the labor intensity reduced and the quality of products improved. The control system has been used reliably by several steelworks for years.
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    Sublance measuration and Composition Prediction in BOF Steelmaking
    ZUO Kang-lin;ZOU Jun-su;SUN Xiao-hui;WU Jian_zhong; Marrten Spanjers
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (02): 59-61.  
    Abstract1561)            Save
    In Meishan Steel-making Plant the newly developed Heraeus sublance technology is used in connection with the self developed compositions prediction model to control the overall process of the converter refining. Results show that the prediction accuracy of the processing carbon content and end-point carbon content has been improved and their prediction deviation rates lowered down to 0.023% and0.006% respectively.
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    Research on variable parameters of SIMULINK based Mould hydraulic vibration system
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (02): 62-65.  
    Abstract1394)            Save
    Based on the mould hydraulic vibration mathematics model in connection with actual operation of the hydraulic vibration equipment, the present paper analyzed the dynamic characteristics of the mould hydraulic vibration system with the MATLAB/Simulink module. Simulation has been made on the displacement of the hydraulic cylinder output under the conditions of different control parameters and different hydraulic component characteristic parameters. Results show that the dynamic characteristics of the system can be improved by reducing the load stiffness and load viscosity , increasing oil source pressure and oil volume modulus of elasticity in an appropriate limit.
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    New progress and trend of development of oxide metallurgy process
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (02): 66-69,7.  
    Abstract720)            Save
    The main content of the oxide metallurgy technology and the effect of the application of this technology on the microstructure and properties of the steel are described. The progress of the oxide metallurgy in the Japanese and Chinese steel plants and the most advanced technologies and application in the high heat input welding developed by some of the steel corporations are introduced. The new application of the oxide metallurgy technology in the solidification, press work, non-modified steel and heavy plate production is recommended and the trend of development of this technology foreseen as well.
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    Cited: Baidu(5)
    Study on evaluation method of steel cleanliness
    Steelmaking    2009, 25 (02): 70-73.  
    Abstract1438)            Save
    Based on the experimental results characteristics of various evaluation methods are analyzed and application scope of every method is determined. It is recommended that several different methods have to be appropriately selected to evaluate the cleanliness of steel in light of the different process and different steel grade. For evaluation on the cleanliness of the super low carbon steel the appropriate method is to analyze the cluster shaped inclusions over the surface of the slab. With the development of refining technologies inclusions of steel come to be less than before, thus better evaluation methods should be developed for evaluating cleanliness of steel.
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    Cited: Baidu(1)