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Steelmaking 2024 Vol.40 Please wait a minute... For Selected: Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX Toggle Thumbnails Select Research progress on several key technologies of converter steelmaking  Steelmaking    2024, 40 (1): 1-8 .   Abstract （196）      PDF（pc） （1984KB）（185）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Experimental study on smelting duplex stainless steel in top bottom combined blowing converter Steelmaking    2024, 40 (1): 9-13.   Abstract （76）      PDF（pc） （808KB）（75）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on high manganese iron molten steelmaking process of converter Steelmaking    2024, 40 (1): 14-18.   Abstract （123）      PDF（pc） （743KB）（89）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Theoretical analysis on the slag forming route of converter gasification dephosphorization slag with remaining slag blowing Steelmaking    2024, 40 (1): 19-23.   Abstract （67）      PDF（pc） （925KB）（85）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on sulfur stability control in high sulfur plastic die steel Steelmaking    2024, 40 (1): 24-31.   Abstract （67）      PDF（pc） （1741KB）（38）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Influence of slag basicity on the cleanness of molten steel with VD vacuum treatment Steelmaking    2024, 40 (1): 32-38.   Abstract （87）      PDF（pc） （1556KB）（106）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Numerical simulation study on bottom powder injection in RH refining process Steelmaking    2024, 40 (1): 39-46.   Abstract （75）      PDF（pc） （1656KB）（77）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Application of magnesia spinel bricks in RH vacuum treatment and its effect on chromium increase in molten steel Steelmaking    2024, 40 (1): 47-51.   Abstract （93）      PDF（pc） （976KB）（76）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of argon flow rate on DS inclusions in cold heading steel SWRCH35K Steelmaking    2024, 40 (1): 52-58.   Abstract （67）      PDF（pc） （2779KB）（53）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the adhesion mechanism of Al2O3 inclusions on Al2O3-C refractory in Al killed steel Steelmaking    2024, 40 (1): 59-67.   Abstract （96）      PDF（pc） （3802KB）（72）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of modification treatment on mineral phase transformation and selective leaching of phosphorus from steelmaking slag Steelmaking    2024, 40 (1): 68-74.   Abstract （59）      PDF（pc） （1800KB）（53）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on strength enhancement and optimization of stainless steel dust cold solidified pellets Steelmaking    2024, 40 (1): 75-80.   Abstract （63）      PDF（pc） （1008KB）（48）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select State of the art in the control of inclusions by slag in steelmaking process of ultra-low carbon IF steel Steelmaking    2024, 40 (2): 1-22.   Abstract （124）      PDF（pc） （19824KB）（131）       Knowledge map    Save Ultra-low carbon IF steel sheet is mainly used in ultra-deep drawing parts such as automotive exposed panel, etc., which is faced with main surface quality problems caused by the steelmaking defects of inclusions, mold flux entrapment and bubbles. Therefore, the slag properties used in the whole steelmaking process play an important role in controlling inclusions in steel. In the present paper, the effects of slag on inclusion control were summarized from two aspects of the slag physicochemical properties and the slag characteristics in different steelmaking stages. It was found that the adsorption and dissolution of inclusions by slag was related to the physicochemical properties of slag and the sizes of inclusions. The main control objectives of RH refining slag were low oxidation and appropriate w(CaO)/w(Al2O3). The TFe mass fraction was generally controlled in 2.0 %–8.0 %, and the w(CaO)/w(Al2O3) was controlled in 1.2–1.8. In addition, the basicity of refining slag was generally controlled in 4–10. The tundish flux and mold flux should first prevent the carbon increase in the molten steel, and secondly prevent the secondary oxidation of the molten steel caused by SiO2 in the slag. At the same time, they should also be capable of adsorbing inclusions. The high basicity tundish flux for ultra-low carbon IF steel generally had the basicity of 2.9–11.5, the w(CaO)/w(Al2O3) was controlled in 1.0–2.5, and the (FeO +MnO) mass fraction was controlled in 1.9 %–4.0%. The basicity of the mold flux for ultralow carbon IF steel was generally controlled in 0.85–1.0, the w(CaO)/w(Al2O3)  was controlled in 5.0–8.5, and the (FeO+MnO) mass fraction was less than 1 %. Related Articles | Metrics Select Multiphase flow behavior and reaction kinetics in hot metal ladle with submerged injection Steelmaking    2024, 40 (2): 23-30.   Abstract （61）      PDF（pc） （17047KB）（58）       Knowledge map    Save To improve the desulfurization efficiency of hot metal predesulfurization process with injection method, a CFD-DSM(Computational Fluid Dynamics-Desulfurization Model) coupled model was established based on 180 t hot metal ladle. The gas-solid-liquid multiphase flow behavior and reaction kinetics during hot metal pre-desulfurization process were systematically studied, and the contribution of dissolved magnesium desulfurization, magnesium bubble desulfurization, calcium oxide desulfurization, and slag layer desulfurization to the desulfurization reaction was revealed. The effects of carrier gas and magnesium powder flow rates on the desulfurization reaction were clarified. The results are shown as follows: the bubbly plume has a smaller penetration depth, but it does not float up attached to the wall of lance. With the continuous injection of calcium oxide powder, powder floats along the wall of lance. In the desulfurization process, the desulfurization by dissolved magnesium is the main desulfurization mechanism, followed by magnesium bubble desulfurization, calcium oxide desulfurization and slag layer desulfurization, and the desulfurization rate of each reaction mechanism first increases and then decreases. The carrier gas flow rate has little effect on desulfurization reaction. However, the magnesium powder flow rate has the greatest impact on the desulfurization reaction. For the hot metal with an initial sulfur mass fraction of 470×10-6, when the sulfur mass fraction reaches 100×10-6, the injection time is shortened by about 43 s for every 1 kg/min increase in magnesium powder flow rate. Related Articles | Metrics Select Vortex image information enhancement method based on hot metal stirring Steelmaking    2024, 40 (2): 31-38.   Abstract （56）      PDF（pc） （5384KB）（66）       Knowledge map    Save The performance of the existing hot metal vortex image recognition system depends largely on the quality of the image. However, due to the interference of steel slag, light change and desulfurizer fog, the camera system faces some difficulties in obtaining the feature information of the vortex image, resulting in a large area of low quality in the image. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposed a method to identify and enhance vortex information in two-dimensional images based on the characteristics of hot metal and vortex. The method adopted an improved Gabor wavelet algorithm to extract the features and crack line information of vortex images. The image was processed by the feature processing unit to reduce the existence of false features and the quantization parameters of vortices were obtained by the vortex diameter recognition method. The experimental results show that, compared with the existing methods, this method reduces the pseudo-feature rate of vortex image information by 43.4 %, improves the accuracy of vortex diameter recognition by 3.6 percentage points, and realizes the enhancement and accurate recognition of vortex feature information on the free surface. Related Articles | Metrics Select Practice of automatic steelmaking in converter without sublance and off-gas analysis Steelmaking    2024, 40 (2): 39-43.   Abstract （64）      PDF（pc） （4486KB）（99）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the intelligent metallurgical model system with slag electronic thermodynamic function theory as the core, under the conditions of without sublance and off-gas analysis in the converter, automated steelmaking of an 80 t converter has been achieved through smelting scheme construction, problem analysis and optimization. Compared with before the automatic steelmaking system was put into use，the hit rate of converter steelmaking at first turning down increased by 6.5 percentage points，the smelting cycle of converter was shortened by 0.2 min，and the steel material consumption was 5 kg/t lower than that of manual steelmaking during the same period. The auxiliary material consumption reduced by 2.89 kg/t，and the technical and economic indicators of converter were significantly improved. Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on the mechanism of dephosphorization by small particle limestone and liming slag Steelmaking    2024, 40 (2): 44-50.   Abstract （71）      PDF（pc） （6744KB）（56）       Knowledge map    Save In order to investigate the feasibility of converter blown small particle limestone for steel making, based on the basic experiment of slag dephosphorization, the effect of small particle limestone and lime for slagging and dephosphorization under the same conditions was compared, and in-depth analysis was conducted from the mechanism of slag dephosphorization.The study shows that the small particle limestone decomposes in the molten pool to form highly active lime, which can simultaneously achieve dephosphorization reaction inside and at the interface of the molten pool. The dephosphorization effect is equivalent to that of lime, and the dephosphorization rate of the endpoint molten iron can reach over 85 %. Small particle limestone has a faster rate of pre-phosphorus removal than lime, and can remove most of the phosphorus elements in a shorter time. Both small particle limestone and lime can achieve uniform slagging, limestone slagging slag layer is higher, foam slag is more obvious. The distribution of elements in slag is uniform, and phosphorus elements are mainly enriched in Ca3(PO4)2 solid solution phase. Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Ca and S on inclusion removal during vacuum degassing refining process Steelmaking    2024, 40 (2): 51-56.   Abstract （52）      PDF（pc） （6704KB）（63）       Knowledge map    Save The effect of Ca and S on inclusion removal during vacuum degassing refining process was investigated. The Ca content had a significant effect on inclusion removal. When the S mass fraction was in the range of 0.012 %－0.014 %, low Ca content was beneficial for inclusion removal. When the Ca mass fraction was 1×10-6 in steel, the inclusion removal rate was 74.30 %. When the Ca mass fraction was 8×10-6 in steel, however, the inclusion removal rate decreased drastically to 33.95 %. The reason was that the Ca element transferred the solid deoxidation product Al2O3-MgO inclusions to liquid calcium aluminate inclusions which were not easy to float and remove. When the Ca mass fraction was (7-8)×10-6 in steel, high S content was beneficial for inclusion removal. When the S mass fraction was 135×10-6 and 11×10-6  in steel, the corresponding inclusion removal ratios were 33.95 % and 23.71 %, respectively. The reason was that high S content increased the CaS content in the inclusions, which made the melting point of inclusions increased. The sources of Ca and S elements were discussed, and measures were proposed to improve the inclusion removal ratio during vacuum degassing refining process. Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on improving cleanliness of molten steel in X70 pipeline steel produced by LF+VD process Steelmaking    2024, 40 (2): 57-64.   Abstract （57）      PDF（pc） （9559KB）（42）       Knowledge map    Save In order to study the evolution mechanism of inclusions in the production of X70 pipeline steel by "LF＋VD" process，intensive sampling and analysis were carried out，and the VD furnace deep vacuum process and  calcium treatment process were optimized. The results show that in the deep vacuum process of VD furnace，strong argon stirring for 13 min in the early stage and weak argon stirring for  5 min in the later stage can promote the full floating of large particle inclusions. At the same time，the calcium treatment after the VD furnace broken can control the calcium mass fraction at 0.001 0 %-0.001 4 %，which can promote the full denaturation of inclusions to reach the purpose of low melting point area，so that the qualified rate of inclusions less than or equal to 2.0 in the first inspection of steel plate can be increased from 96.3 % to more than 98.7 %，and the cleanliness of molten steel is improved. Related Articles | Metrics Select Simulation on influence of gas curtain in induction heating tundish Steelmaking    2024, 40 (2): 65-71.   Abstract （51）      PDF（pc） （10903KB）（20）       Knowledge map    Save In order to study the influence of gas curtain on the transfer behavior in the induction heating tundish, based on an actual one-strand channel-type induction heating tundish, a threedimensional unsteady mathematical model was established by numerical simulation to study the influence of gas curtain on flow, heat transfer and inclusion transfer behavior in the induction heating tundish. The results show that with the use of gas curtain, the molten steel flow in the discasting chamber of induction heating tundish is more reasonable, and the composition of the liquid steel is more uniform. This phenomenon is more beneficial to inclusion removal. The temperature field in the discasting zone is more evenly distributed, the temperature difference does not exceed 1 K, and the low temperature regions decrease further. The inclusion removal rate of induction heating tundish with gas curtain is much higher than that without air curtain, which has improved by about 41 %. Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on intelligent casting process model of continuous casting Steelmaking    2024, 40 (2): 72-79.   Abstract （82）      PDF（pc） （5576KB）（70）       Knowledge map    Save Intelligent casting technology has been promoted and applied in continuous casting production.In order to reduce production accidents, stabilize the quality of casting billet, and realize safe production far away from the casting site, an intelligent casting process model was developed and optimized for the unsteady casting process by combining operation experience. In this paper, some intelligent management and control models were studied and applied for continuous casting production, focusing on some key technologies such as the tundish automatic casting model, SEN one-key quick replacement model, and casting anomaly automatic disposal model. The principles, application and effects of the three models were introduced.Through the research and practice of the above models, the success rate of automatic casting reaches more than 95 %, the success rate of automatic SEN replacement is as high as 100 %, the degradation rate of abnormal casting billet defects of SEN change is reduced by 52 %, the personnel on-site duty time is reduced by 50 % after the automatic disposal of casting anomalies, and efficiency of personnel is increased by about 10 %.The intelligent production process and stable casting quality are promoted. Related Articles | Metrics Select Optimization of corner cooling structure of narrow copper plate in small chamfered mold Steelmaking    2024, 40 (2): 80-88.   Abstract （50）      PDF（pc） （5450KB）（65）       Knowledge map    Save In order to solve the problem of increasing the proportion of longitudinal cracks in the corner of the slab during the high-speed production of small chamfered mold in a steel plant, based on the existing chamfer furcal cooling structure water slot, a one-hole one-slot scheme with different round hole diameters and round hole positions was proposed. A three-dimensional heat transfer coupling model of the narrow side copper plate and cooling water was established. Industrial measured thermocouple temperatures and cooling water inlet/outlet temperature difference were used for validation. The temperature and velocity fields of the narrow side copper plate and cooling water were calculated for different one-hole-one-slot cooling structure schemes with different circular hole diameters and positions. The results show that the proposed one-hole-one-slot cooling structure with a circular hole diameter of 8 mm and a circular hole position of 26 mm results in a maximum temperature reduction of 14.4-17.6 K on the chamfered hot surface of bent copper plate and a maximum temperature reduction of 10.9-12.3 K on the chamfered hot surface of bolt cross-sectional copper plate, compared to the furcal water slots cooling structure. The cooling water flow in the circular hole reaches 8.4 m/s, effectively cooling the chamfered surface and vertex of the copper plate. Additionally, the cooling water flow rates on both sides of the bolt's water tank reach 10.0 m/s, enhancing the cooling uniformity of the plate around the bolt.  Related Articles | Metrics Select Characteristic analyses of inclusions,microstructure and toughness in CGHAZ of HSLA steel of industrial experiment with Mg deoxidation Steelmaking    2024, 40 (2): 89-94.   Abstract （55）      PDF（pc） （13462KB）（57）       Knowledge map    Save As the essential oxidizer of the third generation oxide metallurgy technology, Mg is helpful to improve the microstructure and toughness in coarse-grain heat affected zone (CGHAZ) of high strength low alloy steel (HSLA).The characteristic analyses of the inclusions,microstructure, and impact toughness in CGHAZ of HSLA steel of industrial experiment with Mg deoxidation were conducted by using inclusion automatic analysis system, optical microscope and welding simulator.The results showed that under the welding with high heat input of 200 kJ/cm, a large amount of Mg-Ti-Mn-S inclusions are generated in the CGHAZ of Mg deoxidized steel. Due to this type of inclusion promoting the formation of intragranular acicular ferrite (IAF), after the welding with high heat input of 200 kJ/cm, the CGHAZ of Mg deoxidized steel exhibits excellent low-temperature impact toughness, with an impact energy of 204 J at -20 ℃, and the ductile fracture. The results of this study can provide theoretical and experimental basis for improving the microstructure and properties of steel plate for high heat input welding. Related Articles | Metrics Select Prediction of desulfurizer addition based on heterogeneous stack ensemble learning Steelmaking    2024, 40 (3): 1-7.   Abstract （64）      PDF（pc） （2183KB）（66）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Thermodynamic model of transition temperature of carbon and phosphorus oxidation in converter Steelmaking    2024, 40 (3): 8-14.   Abstract （91）      PDF（pc） （1094KB）（103）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Process practice of low manganese steel in converter Steelmaking    2024, 40 (3): 15-19.   Abstract （78）      PDF（pc） （1273KB）（118）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis and control of cracking in hot top forging of round steel during short process smelting in EAF Steelmaking    2024, 40 (3): 20-26.   Abstract （61）      PDF（pc） （2089KB）（59）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Influence of RH vacuum time of lowcarbon steel on cleanliness Steelmaking    2024, 40 (3): 27-32.   Abstract （79）      PDF（pc） （1072KB）（85）       Knowledge map    Save 真空处理；钢水洁净度；夹杂物；脱气 Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of soft blowing on the purity of GCr15 bearing steel Steelmaking    2024, 40 (3): 33-38.   Abstract （67）      PDF（pc） （1503KB）（73）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select The influence of aluminum particle size and launch altitude on the movement trajectory of aluminum particles Steelmaking    2024, 40 (3): 39-49.   Abstract （80）      PDF（pc） （1770KB）（71）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis of nozzle clogging mechanism of low sulfur microalloyed medium carbon steel Steelmaking    2024, 40 (3): 50-55.   Abstract （74）      PDF（pc） （1412KB）（81）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Numerical simulation of macrosegregation formation in large round bloom continuous casting Steelmaking    2024, 40 (3): 56-65.   Abstract （68）      PDF（pc） （2741KB）（116）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the absorption of Al2O3 inclusions by mold slag for the continuous casting of hightitanium steel Steelmaking    2024, 40 (3): 66-71.   Abstract （49）      PDF（pc） （2271KB）（81）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Mg treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high carbon tool steel 75Cr1 during hot rolling Steelmaking    2024, 40 (3): 72-81.   Abstract （49）      PDF（pc） （7787KB）（20）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Experimental study on pollution emissions from electric furnace treatment of urban abandoned waste Steelmaking    2024, 40 (3): 82-88.   Abstract （44）      PDF（pc） （2316KB）（91）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Research progress on VD refining technology Steelmaking    2024, 40 (4): 1-10.   Abstract （99）      PDF（pc） （12465KB）（105）       Knowledge map    Save Vacuum degassing (VD) refining, characterized by strong reactions between slag and steel within a vacuum atmosphere, serves functions such as degassing, desulfurization, and the control of non-metallic inclusions. This method is of great importance for producing high-quality clean steel. This work presented an overview of the development history and industrial applications of VD refining technology, described in detail the research and production of VD refining in degassing, desulfurization and inclusion control, and gave some suggestions for this process at the end. In VD refining, researches on vacuum degassing (including O, N, H) mainly focused on optimizing process parameters and enhancing equipment performance. It could control [H] in steel within (1-2)×10-6 and [N] within (40-60)×10-6, and denitrogen in VD had some advantages. Regarding desulfurization, VD refining benefitted from favorable thermodynamic and kinetic conditions, enabling control of [S] in steel at relatively low levels. In terms of inclusion control, VD process could decrease the quantity of inclusions effectively and modify inclusions through optimizing slag compositions and process parameters. The related research results had certain guiding significance for the research and industrial production of VD refining, offering favorable references for reducing impurity element content, controlling non-metallic inclusions, as well as improving steel cleanliness. Related Articles | Metrics Select Prediction of phosphorus content in molten steel at the end of converter blowing based on Stacking algorithm Steelmaking    2024, 40 (4): 11-16.   Abstract （62）      PDF（pc） （6951KB）（62）       Knowledge map    Save According to the actual production data of 120 t converter of Zhongtian Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd., a prediction model of phosphorus content in molten steel at the end of converter blowing based on Stacking algorithm was established. The main factors influencing dephosphorization were determined through the thermodynamic analysis of dephosphorization, and then the input variables of the model were determined. After the data preprocessing was completed, six machine learning algorithms (RF, ET, XGBoost, LightGBM, CatBoost, and NN) were used to establish the models, and then the prediction results of these six models were used for Stacking ensemble modeling by multiple linear regression algorithm. By comparing the prediction results of these seven models, it could be concluded that the Stacking ensemble model had the best prediction effect, and the hit rates of the predicted endpoint phosphorus mass fraction were 90.59 % and 97.56 % when the error interval was ±0.004 % and ±0.005 %, respectively. Related Articles | Metrics Select Development of converter alloy model in Meishan Steel Steelmaking    2024, 40 (4): 17-20.   Abstract （58）      PDF（pc） （5063KB）（49）       Knowledge map    Save In order to reduce converter alloy cost, the converter alloy model was developed using linear programming as the core algorithm. The model through designing carbon redundancy and phosphorus redundancy, determining main parameter such as alloy yield and carbon increment of LF treating process and allocating alloy amount of converter based on preferentially using lower price alloy. The cost of alloy was reduced under the premise of meeting with qualified component of liquid steel, and the economic benefits was 3.27 yuan/t. Related Articles | Metrics Select Research and application of non-sublance converter intelligent steelmaking system Steelmaking    2024, 40 (4): 21-29.   Abstract （51）      PDF（pc） （11607KB）（48）       Knowledge map    Save Converter smelting process control and end-point control are key to affecting steelmaking production efficiency, product quality, production cost and other indicators. However, converter smelting control of most steel companies mainly relies on manual experience. Zhongtian Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd. and Hunan RAMON Technology Co., Ltd. took the lead in researching and developing the non-sublance converter intelligent steelmaking system based on sonar slagging, flame analysis and flue gas analysis, realizing the whole process of “one-click” steelmaking without manual intervention under the circumstance of non-sublance. The system has achieved good results in the automation control of the smelting process. At the first turning down, the hit rate of carbon mass fraction (≤0.15 %) prediction within the error range of ±0.02 % was 90 %, the hit rate of temperature prediction within the error range of  ±15 ℃ was 87 %,and the hit rate of phosphorus mass fraction prediction within the error range of ±0.005 % was 90 %. In addition, the accuracy rate of splash recognition reached 99 %. These achievements play a positive role in promoting the intelligent steelmaking development of iron and steel enterprises. Related Articles | Metrics Select Prediction of end-point carbon content and temperature in AOD based on Stacking model fusion Steelmaking    2024, 40 (4): 30-39.   Abstract （42）      PDF（pc） （10004KB）（53）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics page Page 1 of 2 Total 72 records First page Prev page Next page Last page