喷吹式铁水包喷溅形成机制及控制技术研究

炼钢 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 25-31.

喷吹式铁水包喷溅形成机制及控制技术研究

黄琼俭¹,周莉¹,巩彦坤²,赵欣³,王鑫⁴

1.重庆工业职业技术大学,重庆 401120;2.河钢集团邯钢公司,河北邯郸 056015;3.邯郸科技职业学院,河北邯郸 056046;4.河钢材料技术研究院,河北石家庄 050011

出版日期:2026-09-28 发布日期:2026-09-28

Study on formation mechanism and control technology of splash in injection type hot metal ladle

HUANG Qiongjian¹, ZHOU Li¹, GONG Yankun², ZHAO Xin³, WANG Xin⁴

1.Chongqing Industry Polytechnic University, Chongqing 401120, China;2.HBIS Group HanSteel Company, Handan 056015, China;3.Handan Vocational College of Science and Technology, Handan 056046, China;4.HBIS Material Technology Research Institute, Shijiazhuang 050011, China

Online:2026-09-28 Published:2026-09-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为控制铁水包顶喷脱硫过程的喷溅行为,以某厂180 t铁水包为原型,基于相似原理建立水模型。探索了顶枪喷吹铁水包内喷溅的形成机制,研究了喷枪的喷孔数量、喷孔直径对控制喷溅的影响规律,并采用数值模拟方法计算了水模型内的气液两相流行为。结果表明:上浮至钢渣界面的气泡在其液膜上表面形成液滴,气泡破裂后逸出的气体给予液滴上升动量而形成喷溅;将两孔喷枪改成三孔喷枪,若侧孔直径不变,增设底孔的三孔喷枪并不利于减轻喷溅。这是由于增设底孔使侧孔的流量变小,从而气体的初始速度变小,气泡在液相中的扩散能力变差,气泡集中在喷枪附近;而缩小三个喷孔的直径可以增大气泡的初始速度,使气泡在液相中的扩散增强,同时自由面处气泡的逸出速度也减小。喷孔直径从2.0 mm缩小至1.6 mm,喷溅量从27.5 mg减至25.8 mg,相较于原两孔喷枪,能有效抑制喷溅。该试验最优的三孔喷枪喷孔直径为1.8 mm。工业试验表明,三孔喷枪较常规喷枪脱硫率提升1.2个百分点,喷溅铁损降低5.9 kg/t。

关键词: 铁水包;喷溅;三孔喷枪;喷孔直径;物理模拟;数值模拟

Abstract: To control the splash behavior in the desulfurization process of the hot metal ladle with top injection, a water model was established using a 180 t hot metal ladle of a steel plant as a prototype based on the similar principle. The formation mechanism of splashing in a top-blown hot metal ladle was explored, and the effects of the number and diameter of orifices on controlling splashing were investigated. Numerical simulation was used to calculate the gas-liquid two-phase flow behavior in the water model. The results show that the bubbles that rise to the hot metal-slag interface form droplets on the upper surface of their liquid film. Then the gas released by bursting bubbles provides upward momentum to droplets and causes splashing. If the side orifice diameters remain unchanged, converting the two-orifice lance into a three-orifice lance by adding a bottom orifice is not conducive to reduce splash. This is because the addition of a bottom orifice makes the flow rate of the side orifice smaller, so that the initial velocity of bubbles decreases, which leads to poor diffusion of bubbles in the liquid phase and concentration of bubbles near the lance. However, reducing the diameter of the three orifices can increase the initial velocity of the bubbles and enhance their diffusion in the liquid phase. Moreover, it can also decrease the escape velocity of the bubbles at the free surface. When the orifice diameter is reduced from 2.0 mm to 1.6 mm, the splash amount decreases from 27.5 mg to 25.8 mg, indicating that splash is effectively suppressed compared with that of the original two-orifice lance. The optimum orifice diameter of the three-orifice lance in this experiment is 1.8 mm. Industrial trials show that compared with the conventional lance, the three-orifice lance improves the desulfurization rate by 1.2 percentage points and reduces iron loss due to splashing by 5.9 kg/t.

Key words: hot metal ladle; splash; three-orifice lance; diameter of orifices; physical simulation; numerical simulation

. 喷吹式铁水包喷溅形成机制及控制技术研究[J]. 炼钢, 2026, 42(5): 25-31.