锡在易切削钢中的赋存形式及对切削性能影响

炼钢 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 66-72.

锡在易切削钢中的赋存形式及对切削性能影响

徐康，胡绍晖，徐翔宇，付建勋，沈平

上海大学材料科学与工程学院先进凝固技术中心，省部共建高品质特殊钢冶金与制备国家重点实验室，上海 200444

出版日期:2022-12-05 发布日期:2022-12-02

Existing form of Sn in free-cutting steel and its effect on cutting performance

Online:2022-12-05 Published:2022-12-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 锡系易切削钢是有望替代铅系易切削钢的新型环保型易切削钢，而锡在钢中的赋存状态是影响钢切削性能的重要因素。采用金相显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）、电子探针（EPMA）等表征方法，分析了锡在高硫易切削钢中的赋存状态，以及锡含量对易削钢切削性能的影响。研究发现含锡钢中未见明显的锡析出相，锡主要固溶于钢基体中，且更倾向固溶于铁素体中，锡使铁素体的晶格发生畸变。通过切削加工对比测试，结果显示，切削速度560 r/min下，锡质量分数从0增加到1 600×10^-6，C型断屑占比由60.19 %达到90.29 %，锡含量增加对C型断屑占比有明显的提升作用。在切削同一个试样时，切削速度560 r/min相比其他两种速度，C型断屑的占比也最大，在此转速下的切削性能要更好。此外，锡的添加使切削加工后样品表面粗糙度减小，表面质量更好。通过显微硬度测试随着锡添加质量分数从0提高到1 800×10^-6时，维氏硬度从118.2 HV上升到143.1 HV，Sn在钢中的固溶使偏软的钢基体硬度得到提升，从而使钢的切削性能明显提升。

关键词: 锡, 易切削钢, 1215钢, 硫化物, 显微硬度

Abstract: Tin free-cutting steel is a new environmentally friendly free-cutting steel that is expected to replace lead free-cutting steel. The existing form of tin in steel is an important factor affecting the cutting performance of steel. In this paper，metallographic microscopy (OM)，scanning electron microscopy (SEM)，electron microprobe (EPMA) and other characterization methods were used to analyze the state of tin in high sulfur free-cutting steel and the effect of tin content on the cutting performance. It was found that no significant tin precipitation phase was observed in the tin-containing steel. Tin was soluted in the solid steel matrix，and mainly tended to be soluted in the ferrite. Tin distorted the lattice of the ferrite. The cutting tests showed that when the mass fraction of tin changed from 0 to 1 600×10^-6，the C-type chip ratio increased from 60.19 % to 90.29 % at the cutting speed of 560 r/min. Tin content had a significant enhancement effect on the formation of C-type chip. In cutting the same sample，the proportion of C-type chip was also the largest at cutting speed 560 r/min compared to that at other two speeds，which indicated that the cutting performance was better at this speed. In addition，the addition of tin led to a reduction in surface roughness and better surface quality of the machined sample. The Vickers hardness also increased from 118.2 HV to 143.1 HV with the addition of tin mass fraction from 0 to 1 800×10^-6by microhardness test. The solid solution of Sn in the steel increased the hardness of the soft steel matrix，which led to a significant improvement of the cutting performance of the steel.

Key words: Sn, free-cutting steel, 1215 steel, sulfide, microhardness

徐康, 胡绍晖, 徐翔宇, 付建勋, 沈平. 锡在易切削钢中的赋存形式及对切削性能影响[J]. 炼钢, 2022, 38(6): 66-72.

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