The effects of electrical steels on carbon peak and carbon neutralization were expounded, especially on the achievements of obvious energy saving and carbon reduction to the downstream energy efficiency upgrading bringing from the production technology of electrical steels and their effects to reducing carbon emission and energy consumption. Meanwhile the production situation of electrical steels in 2021 was analyzed, and the future development of electrical steels was introduced, and some advices were put forward on how to reduce carbon emission and produce more electrical steel with lower iron loss and higher magnetic induction.

Grain boundaries and initial {100} columnar grains play a key role in the inheritance and evolution of texture in the production of electrical steels. In this paper, the crystal plasticity finite element method was used to simulate the grain orientation evolution of cube and rotatedcube oriented bicrystals when grain boundary was set to different orientations. It was shown that the grain boundary in three grain boundary orientations demonstrated the characteristics of inducing Sshape deformation inhomogeneous region and alleviating the orientation rotation of local deformation inhomogeneous region. Three kinds of cube and rotated cube oriented bicrystals separated by different located grain boundaries showed obvious orientation stability under rolling conditions with surface shearing effect. In the condition of GB⊥RD boundary position, the rotatedcube oriented grain preferentially rotated at the center of the grain boundary, while the cube oriented grain rotated strongly at its end away from the grain boundary. In the case of GB⊥TD boundary position, the grain boundary obstruction to orientation rotation was the smallest, the orientation scattering was the largest and the texture intensity was most reduced. In addition to the rotation around TD, cube and rotated cube oriented bicrystals also rotated around RD and ND complexly. At GB⊥ND boundary position, orientation rotation was similar to that at GB⊥RD, but a small part of bicrystal rotated around ND.

The S-N curve of a high strength non-oriented electrical steel was tested. The microstructure and fatigue fracture morphology and dislocation were analyzed by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope. The results showed that: at room temperature and the frequency of 20 Hz and the stress ratio R of 0.1, the fatigue strength of the experimental steel was 360 MPa when the cycle was 10⁷  cycles. The fatigue crack initiation at the surface of the steel and the intergranular fracture phenomenon occurred. There were cleavage steps and fatigue stripes in the fatigue crack propagation region, and the instantaneous fracture region was ductile fracture with a large number of dimples. A large number of dislocations appeared in the matrix under cyclic stress, and there persistant slip band terminated at the grain boundary position.

The effects of yttrium（Y） on microstructure, elevatedtemperature tensile properties and fracture mechanism of 6.5 %  Si non-oriented electrical steel were investigated by means of microstructure characterization, high-temperature tensile test and fracture analysis. The results showed that the doping of Y introduced composite Y rich precipitates (YS/YP) in the melt. YS and YP precipitates were qualified for heterogeneous nucleation agents, which thus raised the nucleation rate and refined the solidification microstructure. The hot rolling microstructures were inhomogeneous through the thickness. Three distinct layers characterized by equiaxed grains, a mixture of equiaxed and elongated grains and completely elongated grains were detected at the surface, subsurface and center layers, respectively. After annealing, the hot rolling microstructures were transformed into equiaxed structures. The annealing microstructure of the experimental steel doped with Y was significantly refined. After aging at  500 ℃, the experimental steel doped with Y showed a lower ordering degree and a ductile fracture morphology at  300 ℃. The tensile ductility approached as high as 20.2 %. On the contrast, the experimental steel undoped with Y fractured brittlely and the tensile ductility was only 2.1 %. The results verified that the doping of Y in 6.5 % Si non-oriented electrical steel could improve the intermediate temperature ductility by refining the microstructure and lowering the ordering degree. 

In order to increase the power density of traction motor for new energy vehicles, major motor manufacturers have been constantly increasing the motor speed. The following problem that manufacturers have to solve is how to reduce the increasing iron loss when the motor speed is increased. The components and influencing factors of motors’ iron loss were discussed in this paper, and an 8pole 48slot permanent magnet synchronous motor using three different thickness materials was simulated. To compare its efficiency and iron loss distribution, the relationship of the thickness of silicon steel in drive motors, the iron loss and the cost were derived. And finally some recommendations for the selection of drive motor materials were put forward.

The effects of annealing temperature on microstructure and texture and magnetic properties of 3.1 % Si non-oriented silicon steel were investigated in this paper. The results showed that, when the annealing temperature increased from 940 ℃ to 1 000 ℃, the average grain size of metallographic structure increased from 98 μm to 145 μm, the iron loss value P1.5/50 decreased from 2.576 W/kg to 2.408 W/kg. And as the annealing temperature increased, the strength of the unfavorable texture component γ gradually decreased, the strength of the {111}〈112〉 texture component decreased by about 16 %, so that the magnetic induction B50 gradually increased,and the magnetic properties was improved.

The microstructure and texture evolution of oriented silicon steel produced by Ningbo Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. were analyzed by optical microscope and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the microstructure of the slab was inhomogenous along the thickness direction after hot rolling. After first cold rolling and decarburizing annealing, the microstructure changed from strip fibrous to equiaxed primary recrystallized grains, and the average grain size of the primary recrystallization microstructure was 18.17 μm, and the texture was mainly α texture and γ texture. After two-stage cold rolling , the crystal grains were compressed again and transformed into fibrous structure, and the texture was mainly γ texture.After high temperature annealing, secondary recrystallization occurred, and the grains grew abnormally to centimeter level , and the texture was the single and sharp Goss texture.

In viewing of the distribution and morphology characteristics of the hole defect of nonoriented electrical steel in Maanshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., the causes of the defect were analyzed by micro analysis of the defect sample and the production data. Combined with the production process of hot rolling, by avoiding the impact of strip steel on the guide and reducing the nodule formation on the guide, the pressing of foreign bodies in hot coiling could be effectively suppressed, thus reducing the formation of hole defect in cold rolling process.

In views of the normalizing annealing furnace roll marks problem occurred in the process of normalizing annealing of silicon steel in Baosteel, by combining big data from actual production with product quality problems, data mining and data analysis methods were applied to actual production to solve the pain points and provide decision support, a robust and practical data analysis method for the steel production process has been developed, which avoided the previous problems of omission and nonquantitative judgment through manual identification. Through the intelligent decision system platform to obtain the actual production and surface detector data, variable selection and feature engineering were carried out based on Pearson correlation coefficient algorithm and applied random forest algorithm to classify and forecast the data, which realized the traceability and monitoring of quality problems. Therefore the quality problem whether the defect of furnace roll marks can be eliminated by rolling would be predicted by quantitative data, and the recognition accuracy reached 96.43 %.

Through the application of the end inspection robot in the continuous annealing coating unit of non-oriented electrical steel, the unattended intelligent detection of coil defects, the size inspection and defect identification of steel coil are realized. The inspection data can quickly provide to the background staff, and to cooperate with the data of the main production line, it can improve the efficiency of coil detection and defect recognition.The application of end inspection robot can not only improve the automation level of the unit, but also improve the labor intensity of the operator, reduce the safety risk of the operator, and effectively control the production cost of the enterprise.