轴承钢Ds类大颗粒夹杂物研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 轴承钢主要用于制造轴承滚动体，套圈及其他零部件。控制Ds类夹杂物尺寸和数量是提高轴承使用寿命的关键所在。通过真空感应炉试验，研究了轴承钢VD流程冶炼过程炉渣对全氧和Ds类夹杂形成的影响，得出较为理想的渣系为中碱度渣系，其w(CaO)/w(SiO2)=3～4，w(CaO)/w(Al2O3)=1.6～1.8，可冶炼出w(T.O)＜10×10-6且Ds夹杂控制好的轴承钢；通过对实际LFVD流程冶炼轴承钢夹杂物演变的分析，发现VD破真空结束后Ds夹杂大量增加，VD处理过程钢渣充分混合，反应剧烈，导致钢液增钙，从而导致夹杂钙含量增高，铝酸钙夹杂增多；最终成品中Ds夹杂主要为以下3类：中心不含硅的内生型Ds夹杂、周围被MgO包裹的中包覆盖剂卷入型Ds夹杂以及中心含有硅的精炼渣卷入型Ds夹杂。结合试验研究和对Ds夹杂观测结果，可从控制渣系、降低覆盖剂卷渣和降低精炼渣卷入等方面控制Ds夹杂。

关键词: 轴承钢, Ds夹杂, VD, 炉渣

Abstract: Bearing steel is mainly used for manufacturing the rolling element, rings and other components of bearings. Control of number and size of Ds type inclusions is an effective way to prolong bearing life. Effects of the slags on the total oxygen contents and the formation of Ds type inclusions in bearing steel were investigated by vacuum induction furnace experiments. The optimal middle basicity slags for VD treatment was selected in the range the CaO to SiO2 mass fraction ratio of 3－4, and the CaO to Al2O3 ratio of 1.6－1.8,resulting in lower than 10×10-6 total oxygen mass fraction and less Ds inclusions. Evolution of inclusions in bearing steel during the practical LFVD treatment was observed. It was found that more calcium aluminates Ds inclusions appeared after VD treatment due to the intensive mixing and reacting of steel and slag, resulting in the increase of calcium content in molten steel and enhancement of CaO content in inclusions. The Ds inclusions observed in the finished products were classified into three categories: those that derived from the endogenous inclusions without silica in the center, those that were wrapped by MgO from the tundish covering flux and those that came from ladle slag with silica. Combining the experiments results and the observation of inclusions, the Ds inclusions could be controlled less by controlling the refining slag, depressing the entrapment of inclusions aggregated under the covering agent and ladle slag.

Key words: bearing steel, Ds type inclusion, VD, slag

徐迎铁1，陈兆平1，杨宝权2. 轴承钢Ds类大颗粒夹杂物研究[J]. 炼钢, 2016, 32(4): 49-53.

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轴承钢Ds类大颗粒夹杂物研究

Study of large size Ds type inclusions in bearing steel

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