钢液钙处理过程中钙加入量精准计算的热力学研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对钢液钙处理的钙加入量精准计算问题，对使用经典热力学对钙处理的热力学计算进行了归纳总结，并使用FactSage热力学软件进行了精准钙处理计算。钙处理的主要目的是把钢水中的不可变形的固体夹杂物（特别是Al₂O₃基的夹杂物）变性成可变形的液体夹杂物，特别是可变形的钙铝酸盐。影响喂钙量的主要因素是钢水成分（特别是钢中总氧含量、酸溶铝含量和钢中硫含量）和温度。钙加入钢水后可以生成多种夹杂物，包括CaO·6Al₂O₃、CaO·2Al₂O₃、12CaO·7Al₂O₃、3CaO·Al₂O₃、CaO、CaS。这些化合物中仅仅12CaO·7Al₂O₃和3CaO·Al₂O₃在钢水温度下是液态的，随着钙加入量的增多，往往会出现多种固体夹杂物和多种液体夹杂物共生的状态。钙加入量的原则应该是：保证生成的夹杂物都是液态的，且不生成固态的CaS夹杂物。因此，钙处理存在着一个最低加入量和最高加入量的“液态窗口”问题。钙的最低加入量是为了保证夹杂物是液态的，钙的最高加入量是保证不生成固体的CaS夹杂物。研究也针对某厂LF精炼过程中喂钙铝线（钙铝质量比为1∶1）的精准加入量进行了优化计算。在钢水温度为1 571 ℃的条件下，实现夹杂物“液态窗口”的钢中钙质量分数应该在(22.6～47.4)×10^-6；如果钙铝线实际收得率为30 %，那么喂线长度应该在197～334 m。目前现场喂线长度偏高，为350 m，检测发现喂线后夹杂物中CaO也稍稍偏高。研究结果表明，目前开发的钙处理洁净钢最佳喂钙量的计算可以用于指导实际生产实践。

关键词: 钙处理, 热力学计算, FactSage, 夹杂物塑性化

Abstract: In the current paper, the development of classical thermodynamic calculation for the accurate calcium addition during calcium treatment of molten steel were briefly summarized. The calculation of the accurate addition amount of calcium alloys was calculated using thermodynamic software of FactSage. The purpose of calcium treatment is to modify undeformable solid inclusions, especially Al₂O₃based ones into deformable liquid inclusions, especially liquid calciumaluminates. The steel composition, especially the content of the total oxygen, dissolved aluminum and sulfur, and the temperature have great influence on the addition amount of calcium. After addition of calcium into the molten steel, many kinds of inclusions are generated, such as CaO·6Al₂O₃, CaO·2Al₂O₃, 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, 3CaO·Al₂O₃, CaO and CaS. Only 12CaO·7Al₂O₃ and 3CaO·Al₂O₃ are liquid at the temperature of the molten steel. With the increasing addition of calcium, many liquid and solid inclusions may simultaneously generated. The addition of calcium must satisfy that all inclusions are liquid and no solid CaS inclusions generated. Hence, there is a "liquid window" with minimum and maximum addition of calcium alloys. The minimum addition is to satisfy the vanishing of the solid inclusions and the maximum addition is to assure no generation of pure solid CaS inclusions. In the current study, the accurate addition of CaAl alloy wires, with a 1∶1 mass ratio of Ca∶Al, for the LF refining process of a steel plant was calculated. At 1 571 ℃, in order to assure that all inclusions are liquid and no pure CaS inclusions are generated, the calcium content in the molten steel should be (22.6－ 47.4)×10^-6. If the yield of the alloy is 30 %, the length of the added wire should be 197－334 m. In the current industrial production, the addition is 350 m, slightly longer than the calculated value. It revealed that inclusions in the steel samples contained a slightly high amount of CaO, which agree well with the calculation. The current model for the accurate calcium addition of calciumalloys can be used for the real production.

Key words: calcium treatment, thermodynamics, FactSage, modification of inclusions

张立峰1，李菲1，方文2. 钢液钙处理过程中钙加入量精准计算的热力学研究[J]. 炼钢.

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钢液钙处理过程中钙加入量精准计算的热力学研究

Thermodynamic investigation for the accurate calcium addition during calcium treatment of molten steels

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